“by+doing形式”表示方式、方法
语法结构
by+doing形式，“通过做...的方式”
I learn Chinese by listening to tapes。
提问方式
by+doing结构常用来回答How do you...？
或How can I...?这类句型
-How can I turn on the light?
-By turning this button.
拓展：介词by的其他用法：
1）by+交通工具，“乘/坐...” by bus
2）by+地点，“在...的旁边；靠近...” by the lake
3）by+时间，“截止到...；不迟于...” by ten
4）辨析by、with、in，“用”
by
侧重“用”某种手段、交通工具、传递方式或媒介等
with
侧重“用”有形工具、材料、内容等
in
侧重“用”语言、语调、笔墨、颜色等
Eg. We’ll be traveling by car.
He broke the window with a stone.
Please answer the question in English.
即学即练：
1.-How do you learn English words? -_____making word cards.
A. To B. By C. For D. With
2.-How do you get to school every day. Lucy? -I go to school _____.
A.ride my bike B.by my bike C.by bus D.by a bus
3. Mr.Scott made a living by____(sell) old things.
4. She learns English by listening to tapes.(对划线部分提问)
_____ ______ she learn English?
5. Most of them take the train to work.(改为同义句)
Most of them go to work ______ ______.
要点详解：
Section A
1.by asking the teacher for help通过向老师求助。（P1）
1）by，“通过；靠”，后加名词/代词/动名词。
Eg. He had to do all the work by hand.
2）ask （sb） for sth，“向某人要某物；要求某人某事”。
Eg. My mother asked me for help yesterday.
2. Do you have conversations with friends in English?你和朋友用英语说话吗？（P2）
conversion，“交谈；谈话”。与动词have/hold连用时，须加不定冠词，但与动词make连用时，不加不定冠词。常用短语有：
have/hold a conversion with...“与...交谈/谈话”；
make conversion“闲谈；搭讪” be in a conversion with...“与...在谈话”
Eg. He had a conversation with his son yesterday.
3. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?朗读练习发音呢？（P2）
1）What about...?= How about...?“...怎么样？”
2）辨析
aloud
adv，“大声地；出声地”，多指使别人听到的意味，常与read连用。
loud
adj、adv。作adv时，“高声地；响亮地；大声地”，常放于speak、talk、laugh、sing之后，多用比较级。
loudly
“高声地”，有时与loud通用。但含有“喧闹”的意味。在用与比较级或最高级时，通常用loud而不用loudly。
Eg. Reading aloud is different from reading loudly.朗读课文与大声地读课文是有区别的。
Don’t talk so loud.不要那么高声的谈话。
3）practice，动词，“练习”，后加名词、代词、动名词。
练习：They practice _____(speak) English every day.
4. It’s too hard to understand spoken English. 听懂英语口语太难了。（P2）
1）It+be+adj+for/of sb+ to do sth.
Eg. It’s dangerous for children to play with fire.
2）too...to...“太...而不能...”. Eg. He is too young to join the party.
注意：not...enough to.../ so...that...
练习：The girl is ____ tired ____ she could walk any more.
A.too; to B.not; enough C.so; that
5. I have to finish reading a book and give a report next Monday.(P2)我必须读完一本书，以便下周一作报告。
1）finish“完成”，后加名词、代词、动名词。
Eg. I finished doing my homework half an hour ago.
拓展：后加动名词的动词及短语：
enjoy/practice/finish/mind doing sth keep (on) doing sth
be busy (in) doing sth have fun doing sth feel like doing sth
look forward to doing sth can’t help doing sth
2）give a report“作报告”，make a report“写报告”，have a report“听报告”
6.Just read quickly to get the main ideas at first.(P2)一开始只管快速阅读获取文章大意就可以了。
1）just，副词，“请；只管...就好了”。 Eg. Just come here a moment.
2)at first，“起初；一开始”。 Eg. At first we used hand tools. Later we had machines.
注意：first of all=first，表示顺序，后往往用next，then等
练习：______I didn’t want to go, but I soon changed my mind.
_______, open the windows, the turn off the gas, and if necessary, call an ambulance.
7. Well, be patient.(P2)哦，耐心点。
patient，形容词，“有耐心的”。（1）be patient with sb对某人有耐心；
（2）be patient of sth忍耐某事
Eg. We should be patient with our students. You should learn how tjo be patient of pains.
拓展：patient还可作名词，“病人”。
8. The more you read, the faster you’ll be.(P2)你读的越多，你阅读的速度就越快。
“the+比较级...，the+比较级...”，意为“越...越...”
Eg. The more you smile, the happier you will feel.
拓展：“比较级+and+比较级”意为“越来越...”
Eg. The weather becomes colder and colder.
9. Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English?(P3)为什么魏芬发现学习英语很那？
find+it+adj+to do sth“发现做某事...”
Eg. I find it very interesting to learn English.
10. What is the secret to language learning?(P3)语言学习的秘诀是什么？
the secret to...“...的秘诀” eg. Her age is a secret to us all.
11. But I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation.(P3)但是因为我糟糕的发音，我害怕问问题。
1）be afraid to do sth“害怕做某事” eg. I’m afraid to travel by plane.
拓展：be afraid of doing sth害怕做某事 be afraid of sth/sb害怕某人/某物
I’m afraid that从句，恐怕...
2）because of“因为；由于”，后加名词性短语。
12. Then one day I watched an English movie called Toy Story. I fell in love with this exciting and funny movie.(P3)之后有一天，我看了一部名为《玩具总动员》的英文电影。我爱上了这部令人兴奋而有趣的电影！
1）called Toy Story过去分词短语作后置定语，called可换为named，修饰movie。
Eg. That man called Bob is my uncle.
2）fall/be in love with“爱上”
Eg. They fell in love with each other after working together,
13. Although I could not understand everything the characters said, their body language and the expressions on their faces helped me to get the meaning.(P3)尽管我并不能听懂各个角色说的所有台词，但他们的肢体语言和面部表情帮助我理解意思。
1）although“尽管；虽然”，引导让步状语从句，相当于though，不能与but同时出现在一个句子中。
Eg. Although it rained, the boys still played outside.=It rained, but the boys still played outside.
2）help sb （to）do sth；help sb with sth；help （to） do sth
Eg. She often helps me with my English.
14. I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning.(P3)我发现听有趣的东西是语言学习的秘诀。
1）辨析：discover/invent
discover
指“发现”原本存在但一直不为人知的东西
练习：Recently they _____ gold in this area.
Edison ______ the electric light bulb.
Columbus ______America.
invent
“发明”出的新的，原本并不存在的东西
2）listening to something interesting是动名词短语，在宾语从句中作主语。动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Eg. Watching TV too much is bad for our eyes.
15. But because I wanted to understand the story, I looked them up in the dictionary.(P3)但因为我想弄明白这个故事，所以我就查词典。
1）want“要；想要”，相当于would like，后接名词、代词、动词不定式。
2）look up...in a dictionary“在词典中查询...”
Eg. I don’t know the word. Let’s look it up in the dictionary.
16. I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of English movies.(P3)我想学习新单词和更多的语法，以便更好地理解英文电影。
so that引导目的状语从句，“以便；为了”，相当于in order that...结构。其从句中谓语动词常和can、may、should等情态动词及be able to连用。
Eg. My father bought me a bicycle so that I can go to school quickly.
辨析：so that与so...that
so that
引导目的状语从句，“以便；为了”；还可引导结果状语从句，“因此；所以”
so...that
引导结果状语从句，“如此...以至于”
Eg. Please turn on the light so that we can see clearly.
I am so tired that I can’t walk any further.
Section B
1. I can’t always understand spoken English.我并非总能听懂英语口语。（P5）
not always“不总是；不一定总；未必总”，部分否定。当not与also、all、everything、everyone、everybody等词连用时，表示部分否定。
Eg. People who have a lot of money are not always happy.
2. I don’t know how to increase my reading speed.我不知道如何提高我的阅读速度。（P5）
1）how to increase my reading speed是“疑问词+to do”结构，作know的宾语。疑问词what、who、which、when、where、how、why等可以与to do一起构成“疑问词+to do”结果，在句中作主语、宾语、表语或宾补等成分。
Eg. I really don’t know what to write about.
2）increase“增加；增长”常构成短语：
①increase to...“增加到...” eg. The population in this city will increase to 1,000,000.
②increase by...“增加/增长了...” eg. The price of petrol increased by 5%.
3）speed“速度”，at a/the speed of“以...的速度”；at full speed“全速地”；with great speed“快速地”。 Eg. Please drive at a speed of sixty miles an hour.
3. I often make mistakes in grammar.我经常在语法方面犯错误。（P5）
make mistakes in...=make a mistake...“在某方面犯错”
Eg. He always make mistakes in spelling the new words.
拓展：mistake作动词，“弄错；误解”。常用短语：mistakes A for B “错把A当作B”。
Eg. The teacher mistook me for my twin brother.老师错把我当成了我的孪生哥哥。
4. I don’t know enough words to write well.我认识的单词不够多，不能把作文写好。（P5）
enough修饰名词，即可位于名词前，也可位于名词后。
enough还可以修饰adj/adv，放于其后。 Eg. It’s warm enough in the room.
拓展：enough+（for+sb）+to do sth“足够...（使...）能做某事”。
Eg. The box is light enough for the boy to carry.
5. Maybe you should join an English club.或许你应该加入英语俱乐部。（P5）
maybe
adv,“或许；大概”，位于句首，同义词perhaps、probably。
may be
“情态动词+be动词”结构，“可能是”。
Eg. Maybe you are right. You may be right.
6. How can you become a successful learner?你怎样才能成为一个成功的学习者呢？（P6）
learn+er=learner
拓展：动词后加er构成名词：teach-teacher write-writer sing-singer read-reader work-worker dance-dancer
7. Everyone is born with the ability to learn.每个人天生具有学习的能力。（P6）
1）be born“出生；天生”，为被动语态，be动词常用was/were，born是bear是过去分词。
Eg. I was born in a small village.
2）ability，不可数名词，“能力”。常用短语：have the ability to do sth“有做某事的能力”。
Eg. Man has the ability to speak.
8. But whether or not you can do this well depend on your learning habits.但是你是否能学好取决于你的学习习惯。（P6）
1）whether or not“是否”，whether引导主语从句，不能与if替换。
Eg. Whether she will come or not is still a problem.
2)depend on“视...而定；取决于；依靠”，后加名词、代词、动名词。不能用于进行时态和被动语态。
Eg. We depend on the newspaper for daily news. You may depend on his coming.
9. Creating an interest in what they learn创造对所学内容的兴趣。（P6）
1）create-creative-creation-creature
2）interest此处为名词，“兴趣；爱好；关注”，常用短语：take/show an interest in...“对...感兴趣；表现出对...的兴趣”。
Eg. She shows an interest in music.
10. Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more active and it is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time.研究表明，如果你对某件事感兴趣，你的大脑就会更加活跃，你也更容易长时间关注它。（P6）
1）active形容词，“活跃的；积极的”，take an active part in“积极参加”。
Eg. Although he is over 80, he is still very active.
active-activity-actively
2）pay attention to (doing) sth“注意；关注”
Eg. You’d better pay attention to this word in the English exam last time.
11. Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something interesting.优秀的学习者常常将他们需要学习的东西与有趣的事情联系起来。（P6）
1）connect...with...“把...和...连接或联系起来”，connect为动词，名词为connection。
Eg. Please don’t connect this person with that person.
2）need“需要”，后加名词、代词、to do或doing。
Eg. I need a lot of money now.
3）something interesting“有趣的动词”，当形容词修饰不定代词something、anything、nothing等时，形容词放其后。
Eg. There is nothing new in today’s newspaper。
12. Practice and learning from mistakes.联系并从错误中学习。（P）
learn from...“向...学习”
13. Good learners think about what they are good at and what they need to practice more.优秀的学习者考虑他们擅长什么和需要多练习什么。（P6）
1）think about“考虑”，其后加名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句。
Eg. They are thinking about a serious problem.
2）be good at“擅长”，后加名词、代词、动名词。相当于do well in“在某方面做得好”。
14. Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it.即使是你学得好的东西，如果你不使用，就会忘记。（P6）
1）even if“即使；纵然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句，有退一步的意味，相当于even though。
Eg. I’ll help you, even if I must stay up the whole night.
2）forget/remember
辨析：remember/forget to do和remember/forget doing
3）unless“除非；如果不”，引导条件状语从句，相当于if...not。
Eg. Don’t come unless I call you.
15. Good learners will keep practicing what they have learned.优秀的学习者会继续练习他们已经学过的知识。（P6）
1）keep （on）doing sth 一直（继续）做某事。
Eg. He didn’t stop, and he just kept running.
2）keep sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事。
Eg. I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
16. For example, they may take notes by writing down key words or by drawing mind maps.例如，他们可能通过写下关键词或者画思维图来做笔记。（P6）
1）for example“例如”，往往用逗号隔开，可位于句首、句中、句末。
Eg. I know the film star-Zhang Ziyi, for example.
辨析：such as与for example
2）mind后加名词、或动名词作宾语。
Eg. Do you mind giving me a glass of water.
17. They also look for ways to review what they have learned.他们设法复习已经学过的知识。（P6）
1）辨析
look for
“寻找”，强调寻找的动作和过程，有目的地找。
练习：I’m _______my pen everywhere, but I can’t_____it.
Read the passage, and _____the answer to this question.
find
“找到；发现”，找到或发现具体的动词，或偶然发现某物，强调结果。
find out
“弄清；查明”，经过困难、曲折调查、询问或研究等之后弄清楚，明白。
18. Knowledge comes from questioning.知识来自疑问。（P6）
核心考点全突破：
1.（2013重庆）You can improve your English______practicing more.
A.by B.with C.of D.in
2.（2013南京）Linda’s father hates waiting in long lines. I think he’s not very ______.
A.patient B.talented C.popular D.powerful
3.（2013金华）-Tommy, you can never let others know what I have told you today.
-Don’t worry,. I will keep the _____.
A.secret B.money C.address D.grade
4.（2013云南）You don’t have to _____every new word in the dictionary while reading.
A.look for B.look up C.look at D.look after
5.（2013泰安）_____you’re tasted it, you can’t imagine how delicious the dishes are.
A. Because B. Although C. When D. unless
6.（2013扬州）-Mr Li, I can’t understand everything in class.
-Don’t worry. I’ll ____the main points at the end.
A.record B.review C.require D.remember
7.（2013遂宁）He was____tired_____he could not go on walking.
A.too;to B.such;that C.so;that D.not;enough
重点短语：
1.work with sb与某人一起学习
2.make word cards制作单词卡片
3.listen to tapes听录音磁带
4.ask sb for help向某人求助
5.watch videos看录像
6.have conversations with sb同某人谈话
7.too...to..太...而不能...
8.give a report作报告
9.at first起初
10.word by word逐词逐句地
11.the secret to.... ...的秘诀
12.be afraid to do sth害怕做某事
13.fall in love with爱上...
14.body language肢体语言
15.as well也
16.a piece of cake小菜一碟；很容易的事
17.look up查阅；查找
18.18.so that以便；为了
19.repeat out loud大声跟读
20.take notes记笔记
21.sentence pattens句型
22.spoken English英语口语
23.make mistakes in在...方面犯错
24.the ability to do sth做某事的能力
25.depend on视...而定；取决于；依靠
26.pay attention to注意；关注
27.connect...with... 把...和...连接或联系起来
28.get bored感到厌烦
29.try to do sth尽力做某事
30.be stressed out焦虑不安的
31.be afraid of害怕...
32.each time每当；每次
功能句型：
1.“越...越...”的表达法: The more you read, the faster you’ll be.
2.so...that..引导结果状语从句：The teacher spoke so quickly that I did not understand her most of the time.
3.so that引导目的状语从句：I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understand of English movies.
4.谈论做事方式：（1）—How do you learn English? —I learn by studying with a group.
（2）—Do you learn English by reading aloud?
Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation.
5.whether引导主语从句：But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits.
