Unit5&6被动语态（Passive Voice）
被动语态的谓语构成：be +V-ed ( be有时态、人称、数的变化)
一、主动句与被动句的转换
观察三组句子，主动语态与被动语态有什么关系？主动句是如何转化成被动句的？
Thecats often catch the mice. （主动句）
Themice are often caught by the cats. （被动句）
Farmersgrowtea plants on the sides of mountains. （主）
Teaplants are grown on the sides of mountains by farmers.（被）
People speakEnglish in the world.（主）
主 谓 宾
English is spoken by peoplein the world.（被）
总 结
主动语态
被动语态
宾语
主语（主格）
谓语
be + V-ed
主语
by + 原主语（宾格）
其他
抄下来
语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。
注意：不及物动词没有被动语态。（eg. happen/takeplace）
练习：
1.They play football on Sunday.（变被动句）
___________________________________________
2. Theman killed the bird.
___________________________________________
3. Thisfactory produces these machine tools.
___________________________________________
4. Hismother told him not to waste time on fishing.
___________________________________________
主动句变被动句注意事项：
1. 被动句谓语be + V-ed中，be动词与新主语在人称，数上保持一致，时态不变。
Eg. They hold a meeting today.
A meeting is held by them by them today.
2. 双宾语句式变成被动语态
可有两种转化方法，将间接宾语或直接宾语转化为句子主语均可。
Eg.They gave the children many good books.
The children were given many books by them.（间接宾语转化为主语）
Many good books were given to the children by them.（直接宾语转化为主语）
特别提示：
1) give,send, take, bring等变为被动语态时，被保留的间接宾语前通常加to。
2) buy,make, find, get等，变为被动语态时，被保留的间接宾语前通常加for。
Eg. Mother bought me a computer.
A computer was bought for me by Mother.
3. 复合宾语（S+V+O+C）变被动语态
1）主动句中主谓宾按照规则变化，宾语补足语不变，但相应成为主语补足语。
Eg. We made the empty land a playground.
The empty land was made a playground by us.
2）用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，在变为被动语态时不定式要加上to（let除外）
Eg. We saw a stranger enter the hall.
A stranger was seen to enter the hall by us.
二、被动语态的各种句式（一般过去时为例）
肯定句：主语 + be+ V-ed + (by sb.)
The shoes weremade in China by workers.
否定句：主语 + be+ not + V-ed + (by sb.)
The shoesweren’t made by workers .
一般疑问句：Be + 主语 + V-ed + (bysb.)? 及答语
Were the shoesmade by workers ?
简略答语： Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.
特殊疑问句：疑问词 + be+ 主语 +V-ed + (by sb.)?
When /Where werethe shoes made by workers?
三、被动语态的用法
1.不知道谁是动作的执行者时,要用被动语态。
The blouse ismade of silk.
2.没必要说明谁是动作的执行者时,要用被动语态。
The zipper isoften used in our daily lives.
3.只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
I think the TVwas invented after the car.
四、有关bemade…的短语
结 构
汉 意
成品 +
be made of +原材料（可见材料）
由……制成
be made from +原材料（不可见材料）
由……制成
be made in +地点
在……制造
be made by +制造者
被……制造
材料 +
be made into +成品
被制成……
即学即练
1)将下列主动句转换成被动句。
1.The teacher told him not to waste time on playing computer games.
-____________________________________
2.I gave my cousin a toy at Christmas.
-____________________________________
3.They should do it right now.
¬____________________________________
4.The monster let the little girl clean the cave.
-____________________________________
5.People in the town laugh at Mike for his fancy dress.
-____________________________________
6.Wecan’t do it in one day.
____________________________________
7.Isaw a dog crossing the road.
____________________________________
2).选择正确答案
1.This bike ________ last year.
A.bought B. has been bought C. was bought D. had beenbought
2.-Are you going to Sam’s birthday party the day after tomorrow？
-I’m not sure. I will go with you if I ____.
A.will invite B. invite C. will be invited D. am invited
3.Because it ____ every day, the window is clean.
A.cleaned B. will clean C. was cleaned D. is cleaned
4.–Don’t smoke here, Dad. Smoking ____ in public places.
-Oh, sorry. I’ll stop right now.
A.isn’t allowed B. aren’t allowed C. doesn’t allow
5.–How clean your car is!
- Thank you. It ____ very often.
A.washed B. washes C. was washed D. washed
6.Our new library ____ last year. We enjoy reading and studying in it.
A.builds B. built C. is built D. was built
7.–Mike, I looked for you everywhere last night.
-Oh, I ____ to the party.
A.am invited B. invited C. invite D. was invited
8.Some students in this school ____ abroad as exchange students every year.
A.sent B. send C. are sent
9.Hurry up! Once the concert starts, nobody ____ to enter the concert hall.
A.allows B. allowed C. is allowed D. is allowing
10.Tomy great surprise, the famous athlete’s story ____ differently in thenewspaper.
A.was reported B. reported C. was reporting D. reports
11.I heard that Line1 of Ningbo Subway ____ last month.
A.was tested B. is tested C. tests D. tested
12.Flowers ____ along the road last year.
A.plant B. planted C. are planted D. were planted
13.Many children in Britain ____ to have their own bank cards these days.
A.allow B. allowed C. are allowed D. were allowed
14.–Bob, you ____ on the phone.
- I’m coming. Thanks.
A.want B. are wanting C. are wanted D. have wanted
15.–What’s wrong with that boy？
-He ____ by a car yesterday.
A.is hit B. was hit C. hit D. hits
16.–Have you found the ruler yet?
-Yes, it ____ in my bag two days ago.
A.has found B. found C. has been found D. was found
17.An accident ____ on this road last night.
A.has happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened
