In 1998, the Danish government issued a voluntary ban
1998年，丹麦政府颁布条例，
on antibiotic growth promoters or AGP's in pork production
希望人们自愿放弃在猪肉生产过程中使用抗生素作为催长素，
and made the ban mandatory on January 1st,
这条条款在2000年1月1日开始强制执行
In 1998, the use of antibiotics for growth
1998年抗生素的使用减少了一半，
was cut by 50% with only minimum increases in disease or mortality,
但家畜的死亡率只有少量增长，
but by the end of 2000,
但是到2000年底
farmers reported a sharp incline in disease and mortality in the first two weeks after birth during weaning.
民众称，家畜在出生两周内的致病率和死亡率激增，
Veterinarians intervened by prescribing antibiotics for therapeutic use in an effort to stem major losses.
于是兽医认为应该使用抗生素来治疗这些疾病，避免养殖户遭受更大的损失，
As you can see by the chart,
正如表格中所显示的
there is an increase in overall antibiotic use
抗生素的总用量增加了，
because the need for therapeutic antibiotics increased as the use for growth promotion stopped.
因为尽管抗生素不再被用作催长素，但被用于医疗目的的抗生素则数量激增，
More disturbing, however, is the fact that therapeutic intervention means that more drugs,
更让个人不安的是，用抗生素来治疗和预防家畜疾病就意味着我们需要更多的药品，
such as tetracycline, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin, better known as cipro, are needed.
例如阿奇霉素和环丙沙星等
In Denmark, the incidence of increased therapeutic drugs in swine
在丹麦，随着用于医学目的的抗生素在家畜身上越来越多地使用，
correlated to a strong increase in antimicrobial resistance to food-borne microbes including campylobacter and salmonella.
人们对来自于食物中的细菌开始产生越来越强的抗药性，包括弯曲菌属和沙门氏菌
American pork producers have estimated that
美国猪肉制品生产商们预计，
to institute such a program to ban AGP's would have the same result
如果美国出台法案禁止将抗生素用于促进家畜的生长
thereby increasing the need for therapeutic antibiotics at an estimated ten year
同样也会使用于医疗目的的抗生素的使用数量激增，
cost of over 700 million dollars for therapeutic intervention.
预计在十年间，用于医疗干预的资金将达到7亿美元
That cost would be passed to consumers
而这些资金将被转嫁给消费者，
to avoid profit losses with an estimated increase in prices of approximately of 2% per year
也就是说，除了市场本身的价格波动和生产成本的上涨，
in addition to normal price fluxes for production costs.
每年猪肉的价格会额外增长2%
In summary, organic farmers are prohibited from using antibiotics while large feed lot operations,
总而言之，有机食农场不允许使用抗生素，
known as CAFO's, use them as a regular part of an animal's feeding regimen.
而大规模的围栏肥育农场则可以将抗生素作为饲料的一部分
Antibiotics are allowed by the FDA to be used for the following four reasons:
农业部规定，抗生素可以用于以下四种情况:
therapeutic use for animals that exhibit clinical disease,
用抗生素治疗身患疾病的动物，
control use on herds where the morbidity/mortality rate has exceeded an acceptable baseline,
用于发病率和死亡率高于可接受的基线的动物种群
prevention-prophylaxis use on exposed healthy animals to minimize the onset of disease,
来对疾病进行控制用于动物的流行病预防以减少疾病的发病
and growth promotion where antibiotics are used as additives to improve physiological performance of animals.
最后是将抗生素用作一种饲料添加来促进动物的生长
While the use of antibiotics is sometimes criticized,
尽管抗生素的使用广受批评
as the final two studies have shown,
正如后两个例子所显示的
the therapeutic use of these drugs for the treatment
用抗生素治疗身患疾病的动物
and control of disease in animals is necessary for worldwide safe food.
