写作中的常见问题 — 汉语式英语
汉语式英语是中国学生在用英语写作过程中出现的主要问题之一。在许多情况下,英汉两种语言在表达习惯和语法结构上存在巨大差异。中国学生由于对此了解不足,在写作时,常常生搬硬套地把汉语译成英语,最终形成了汉语式英语。不符合英语表达习惯的汉语式英语句子可以归纳为以下几类:
1. 选词。
词是英语语言的最小单位。用英语表达思想首先面临的就是选词问题。中国学生所选的词往往带有汉语的影子。以下实例均来自学生的文章。请注意斜体部分的词,后面括号中的汉语是学生试图表达的真实含义。
① He is my image. (他是我的偶像。)
② This accident will give people experience. (这次事故将给人以教训。)
③ Because of watching TV constantly, children change lazy. (由于连续不停地看电视,孩子们变懒了。)
④ My friend listens to the class very carefully.(我的朋友听课很认真。)
正确的表达是:
① He is my idol.
② This accident will be a good lesson to every one of us.
③ Because of watching TV constantly, children become lazy.
④ My friend listens to the teacher in the class very carefully.
2. 句子结构。
中国学生在试图使用英语进行交流时,倾向于套用汉语句子的结构。
① Most people are by bus or by bike to go to work.
(大部分人乘公交车或骑自行车去上班。)
② No stopping watching TV leads children to have an abnormal life.
(不停地看电视导致儿童过着一种不正常的生活。)
③ Depend on my opinion, we should control the time of watching TV.
(依我看,我们应该控制看电视的时间。)
正确的表达是:
① Most people often go to work by bus or by bike.
② By watching TV constantly, children live an abnormal life.
③ In my opinion, we should spend less time watching TV.
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3. 思维方式。
学英语的中国人处于两种不同文化、两种不同思维方式的交汇处,他们所使用的语言往往由于带有浓厚的汉语文化背景而难以让母语是英语的人理解。
① After entering college, some students think study or non-study is not important.
(进了大学校门之后,一些学生认为学不学习并不重要。)
② I met her on campus and asked whether she had eaten supper or not but she didn’t reply.
(我在校园里见到她并问她有没有吃晚饭,可是她没有回答。)
正确的表达是:
① After entering college, some students think it makes little difference whether to study hard or not.
② I met her on campus and greeted her, but she didn’t reply.
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