（一）英语中的笔画与偏旁
英语中音素有48个，而字母只26个，字母跟音素既有区别，又有一定的联系。字母跟音素的关系是一种不完全对称的关系，掌握英语26个字母在单词中的读音一般规则是学好英语重要的一步。
26个字母中有5个纯元音字母（A E I O U），20个纯辅音字母。字母Y为半元音字母，当Y位于词首时为辅音字母，位于词中或词尾时为元音字母，其读音与字母I相同。一般来讲，元音字母在单词中读成元音音素，辅音字母在单词中读成辅音音素。字母在单词中的读音分为三种情况：一是一个字母读一个音素，二是字母组合在一起读一个音素，三是字母在单词中不发声（voiceless）。
我们可以形象地把读一个音素的字母比作汉字中的笔画，在英语中这个笔画是形声的，把读一个音素的字母组合比作汉字中形声偏旁。所以，掌握字母及字母组合的读音规则就如学习汉字中的笔画与部首偏旁一样，是掌握英语单词拼写和拼读的关键。
构成汉字的最小单位是笔画，汉字基本笔画有28个，通过不同笔画的组合可以构成大量的汉字。汉字有独体字与合体字之分，独体字是由笔画构成，合体字由笔画与不同的部件构成，如果我们一笔一画地去记汉字，记起来会比较困难，比较容易的方法是通过汉字的构词部件来记住汉字。构词部件是大于笔画而小于或等于字的基本构字单位，即所谓的偏旁，通过部件来记汉字可以化整为零，使汉字的识记变得更简单，更容易。
我们可以用同样的方法来记英语单词。英语单词最小构词单位是26个字母（相当于汉字的28个笔画）。英语单词跟汉字一样，有独体字与合体字之分，由字母直接构成的单词（bus run get sky fan）相当于汉字的独体字，由字母与字母组合构成的单词（other car country because laugh）相当于汉字的合体字。
我们学写汉字时先学笔画，笔画就相当于英语字母，相信所有学过英语的人26个字母应该是过关了，也就是说笔画过关了，那么接下来该学习用笔画组成独体字，再接着就该学习汉字的构成部件了，也就是我们通常所说的偏旁了。汉字根据新华字典里给出的偏旁就有201个，如果我们能像汉字偏旁一样掌握一两百个字母组合，相信我们记单词也能像记汉字那么简单。
英语为拼音文字，英语里的偏旁有两种，一种是字母组合在一起发一个音的字母组合，这就好比汉字里形声偏旁，另一种是字母组合在一起发的不是一个音，但表达了一定的词汇或语法意义，这种组合就是英语里所谓的词根与词缀，它相当于汉字会意的偏旁。从英语单词里可以总结出36个形声偏旁。
（二）5个元音字母读音一般规则
元音字母在单词中读元音音素，辅音字母在单词中读辅音音素，理论上每个元音字母要有四种读音才能满足20个元音音素的读音需要。我们把元音字母的四种读音分别称为：重开音，重闭音，非重音与协同音。
重开音是指元音字母在重读开音节的读音，元音字母在重读开音节中一般读字母本身的音或长音。重闭音是指元音字母在重读闭音节中的读音。为了方便记忆我们可以把五个元音字母在重读闭音节的读音与单词对应起来，分别是：A读cat ;E读egg ; I读pig ;O读dog ;U读 bus。
非重音指的是元音字母在非重读音节的读音，元音字母在非重读音节一般有[ ə ]与 [i]两种读音。协同音是指元音字母在单词中的读音受到前面或后字母影响的读音。元音字母在单词中的读音一般规则可以归纳为下表：
1. 字母A在单词中的读音
1）读字母音[ei ]
例如：name [neim] grade [greid] eraser [i'reisə] cake [keik] same [seim]table ['teibl] late [leit] favourite ['feivərit] face [feis] tape [teip] plane [plein] potato [pə'teitəu] skate [skeit] make [meik] lake [leik] take [teik] save [seiv] station ['steiʃən] baker ['beikə] place [pleis] tomato[tə'meitəu] safe [seif] gate [geit] snake [sneik] cage [keidʒ] baby ['beibi] paper ['peipə] famous ['feiməs] later ['leitə] radio ['reidiəu] patient ['peiʃənt]
2）字母A读长音[a:]
例如： banana [bə'nɑ:nə] father ['fɑ:ðə] rather ['rɑ:ðə]
3）字母A读[æ]
例如：map [mæp] bag [bæg] apple ['æpl] fax [fæks] glad [glæd] hat [hæt] black [blæk] catch [kætʃ] hamburger ['hæmbə:gə] math [mæθ] rabbit ['ræbit] bank [bæŋk] accident ['æksidənt] happen ['hæpən] marry ['mæri] exam [ig'zæm] cabbage ['kæbidʒ] passenger ['pæsindʒə] fact [fækt] parrot ['pærət]
4）字母A在W后读[ɔ]或[ɔ:]
例如：washroom ['wɔʃrum] watch [wɔtʃ] water ['wɔ:tə] wash [wɔʃ] was [wɔz] Washington ['wɔʃiŋtən]
5）字母A在S/ n前读[a:]
例如：class [klɑ:s] ask [ɑ:sk] past [pɑ:st] basket ['bɑ:skit] glass [glɑ:s] pass [pɑ:s] France [frɑ:ns] dance [dɑ:ns] fast [fɑ:st] last [lɑ:st] grass [grɑ:s] headmaster ['hed'mɑ:stə]
6）字母A在L前读[ɔ:]
例如：ball [bɔ:l] wall [wɔ:l] small [smɔ:l] tall [tɔ:l] all [ɔ:l] talk [tɔ:k] call [kɔ:l] walk [wɔ:k] already [ɔ:l'redi] although [ɔ:l'ðəu] hall[hɔ:l] salt [sɔ:lt] false[fɔ:ls] almost[ˈɔ:lməʊst] also [ˈɔ:lsəʊ]
7）字母A读音例外词：
have [hæv] family ['fæmili] many ['meni] any ['eni] animal ['æniməl] madam ['mædəm] manager ['mænidʒə]
2.字母E在单词中的读音
1）读字母音[i:]
例如：these [ði:z] we [wi:] evening ['i:vniŋ] be [bi:] even ['i:vən] Chinese['tʃai'ni:z] Japanese[,dʒæpə'ni:z] she [ʃi:] he [hi:] me [mi:] metre ['mi:tə] Swedish ['swi:diʃ] scenery ['si:nəri] eve [i:v]
2）字母E读[e]
例如：very ['veri] America [ə'merikən] vegetable ['vedʒitəbl] medicine ['medisin] melon ['melən] second ['sekənd] never ['nevə] together [tə'geðə] celebrate ['selibreit] elephant ['elifənt]
3）字母E读[e]
例如：ten [ten] spell [spel] pen [pen] desk [desk] egg [eg] welcome ['welkəm] let [let] address [ə'dres] dress [dres] next ['nekst] leg [leg] empty ['empti] mend [mend] chess [tʃes] rest [rest] letter ['letə] better['betə] left [left] tell [tel] remember [ri'membə] invent [in'vent] December [di'sembə] wet [wet] message ['mesidʒ]
4）字母E在ri/ro前读[iə]
例如：zero ['ziərəu] serious ['siəriəs] period ['pɪərɪəd] experience [ɪk'spɪərɪəns] series ['sɪəriːz]
3.字母I在单词中的读音
1）字母I读 [ai]
例如：hi [hai] nine [nain] minus ['mainəs] Chinese['tʃai'ni:z] fine [fain] licence ['laisəns] wife [waif] kite [kait] white [hwait] line [lain] mine [main] beside [bi'said] knife [naif] rice [rais] ice [ais] ride [raid] Friday ['fraidi] write [rait] price [prais] hike [haik] exciting [ik'saitiŋ] lion ['laiən] tiger ['taigə] quite [kwait] diary ['daiəri] science ['saiəns] invite [in'vait] wine [wain] quiet ['kwaiət] surprise [sə'praiz]
2）字母I读[i:]
例如：police [pə'li:s] machine [mə'ʃi:n] policeman [pə'li:smən] magazine [,mægə'zi:n]
3）字母I读[i]
例如：six [siks] think [θiŋk] picture ['piktʃə] twin [twin] with [wið] drink [driŋk] chips [tʃip] swim [swim] sing [siŋ] dinner ['dinə] dish [diʃ] trip [trip] winter ['wintə] pick [pik] lift [lift] village ['vilidʒ]
4）字母I在gh前读[ai]
例如：right [rait] light [lait] bright [brait] flight [flait]
5）字母I读音例外词：river ['rivə] give [giv] city ['siti] visit ['vizit] finish ['finiʃ] cinema ['sinimə]digital ['didʒitəl] after ['ɑ:ftə]
4.字母O在单词中的读音
1）字母O读[əu]
例如：no [nəu] hello [hə'ləu] home [həum] those [ðəuz] over ['əuvə] phone [fəun] open ['əupən] so [səu] nose [nəuz] broken ['brəukən] robot ['rəubɔt] code [kəud] close [kləuz] smoke [sməuk] October [ɔk'təubə] hope [həup] ago [ə'gəu] Rome [rəum] suppose [sə'pəuz] mobile ['məubil] notice ['nəutis]
2）字母O读[u:]
例如：who [hu:] do[du:] improve [ɪm'pruːv] move [mu:v] lose [lu:z] canoe [kə'nu:]
3）字母O读[ɔ]
例如：not [nɔt] clock [klɔk] forgot[fə'gɔt] doctor ['dɔktə] lock [lɔk] doll [dɔl] from [frɔm] sock [sɔk] shop [ʃɔp] hot [hɔt] fog [fɔg] hospital ['hɔspitl] job [dʒɔb] hobby ['hɔbi] problem ['prɔbləm] dollar['dɔlə] college ['kɔlidʒ] dolphin ['dɔlfin] soccer ['sɔkə] rock [rɔk] concert ['kɔnsət] song [sɔŋ] crop [krɔp] opposite ['ɔpəzit]
4)字母O在th/ ve/ n/m前读[ʌ]
例如：one [wʌn] mother ['mʌðə] brother ['brʌðə] love [lʌv] some [sʌm] money ['mʌni] glove [glʌv] other ['ʌðə] Monday ['mʌndei] company ['kʌmpəni] another[ə'nʌðə] nothing ['nʌθiŋ] monkey ['mʌŋki] front [frʌnt] month [mʌnθ] comfortable ['kʌmfətəbl] wonder ['wʌndə]
5）字母O读音例外词:colour ['kʌlə] body ['bɔdi] woman ['wumən] popular ['pɔpjulə] opera ['ɔpərə] post [pəust] most[məust] both [bəuθ] pocket ['pɔkit] lost [lɔst]
5.字母U在单词中的读音
1）字母U读[j u:]
例如：computer[kəm'pju:tə] excuse [iks'kju:z] student ['stju:dənt] use [ju:z] music ['mju:zik] usually ['ju:ʒuəli] refuse [ri'fju:z] human ['hju:mən] produce [prə'dju:s] scuba ['skju:bə] contribution [,kɔntri'bju:ʃən] pupil ['pju:pl] universe ['ju:nivə:s] huge [hju:dʒ] duty ['dju:ti]
2）字母U读[u:]
例如：ruler ['ru:lə] true [tru:] July [dʒu:'lai] June [dʒu:n] pollute [pə'lu:t] rule [ru:l]
3）字母U读[ʌ]
例如：number ['nʌmbə] plus [plʌs] cup [kʌp] bus [bʌs] much [mʌtʃ] us [ʌs] husband ['hʌzbənd] uncle ['ʌŋkl] must [mʌst] lunch [lʌntʃ] hundred ['hʌndrəd] hungry ['hʌŋgri] jump [dʒʌmp] run [rʌn] fun [fʌn] discuss [di'skʌs] pumpkin ['pʌmpkin] summer ['sʌmə] duck [dʌk] subject ['sʌbdʒikt] suddenly ['sʌdnli]
4）字母 U在q/g后读[w]
例如：question ['kwestʃən] quickly ['kwikli] language ['læŋgwidʒ] quiet ['kwaiət] quarrel ['kwɔrəl] penguin ['peŋgwin]
5）字母U读音例外词：study ['stʌdi] busy ['bizi] business ['biznis]put [put] full [ful] push [puʃ] pull [pul]
6. 元音字母在非重读音节读音
1）. 元音字母在非重读音节读[ i ]
例如：college ['kɔlidʒ] toilet ['tɔilit] orange ['ɔ:rindʒ] family ['fæmili] porridge ['pɔridʒ] tennis ['tenis] chicken ['tʃikin] language ['læŋgwidʒ] manager ['mænidʒə] harvest ['hɑ:vist] forest ['fɔrist] village ['vilidʒ] subject ['sʌbdʒikt] temperature ['tempritʃə] message ['mesidʒ] kitchen ['kitʃin] cabbage ['kæbidʒ] chocolate ['tʃɔkəlit] pocket ['pɔkit]racket ['rækit] wallet ['wɔlit] knowledge ['nɔlidʒ] encourage [in'kʌridʒ]
2).元音字母在非重读音节读[ ə ]
例如：husband ['hʌzbənd] Japan [dʒə'pæn] America [ə'merikə] machine [mə'ʃi:n] again [ə'gen] company ['kʌmpəni] agree [ə'gri:] panda ['pændə] around [ə'raund] library ['laibrəri]
（三）21个辅音字母读音一般规则
英语辅音字母有20个，辅音音素28个，所以相对于元音字母辅音字母的读音比较对称。大多数辅音字母在单词中读字母音的节首或韵尾，少数辅音字母对应多个读音，也有个别辅音字母不发音。辅音字母在单词中的读音如下表：
1.字母C读的读音
1）字母C读[s]
例如：nice [nais] licence ['laisəns] certainly ['sə:tənli] rice [rais] price [prais]city ['siti] medicine ['medisin] cent [sent] century ['sentʃuri] celebrate ['selibreit]exciting [ik'saitiŋ] cinema ['sinimə] centre ['sɛntɚ] concert ['kɔnsət] decide [di'said]circle ['sə:kl]
2）. 字母C读[ʃ]
例如：delicious [di'liʃəs] especially [is'peʃəli] appreciate [əˈpri:ʃieɪt] precious [ˈpreʃəs] social[ˈsəʊʃl] associate [əˈsəʊʃieɪt]ocean [ˈəʊʃn] official[əˈfɪʃl] ancient [ˈeɪnʃənt]
3）. 字母C读 [k]
例如：can [kæn] secret ['si:krit] clock [klɔk] cup [kʌp] computer[kəm'pju:tə] cake [keik] car [kɑ:] cat [kæt] coat [kəut] uncle ['ʌŋkl] doctor ['dɔktə] cap [kæp] lock [lɔk] colour ['kʌlə] count [kaunt] clean [kli:n]
2.字母N的读音
字母N在K或G前读[ŋ],
例如：think [θiŋk] thanks [θæŋks] thing [θiŋ] long [lɔŋ] strong [strɔŋ] singer ['siŋə] song [sɔŋ] ring [riŋ] finger ['fiŋgə] sink [siŋk] pink [piŋk]
3.字母S的读音
1）.字母S读轻音[ʃ]或[ʒ]
例如：sure [ʃuə] Russian ['rʌʃən] pleasure ['pleʒə]
2）字母S读轻音[s]
例如：six [siks] plus [plʌs] minus ['mainəs] spell [spel] secret ['si:krit] desk [desk] bus [bʌs] sorry ['sɔri] ] seven ['sevn] sister ['sistə] same [seim] sit [sit] see [si:] address [ə'dres] guess [ges] must [mʌst] sky [skai] dress [dres] past [pɑ:st]
3) 字母S读浊音[z]
例如：is [iz] please [pli:z] blouse [blauz]Chinese['tʃai'ni:z] Japanese[,dʒæpə'ni:z] his [hiz] excuse [iks'kju:z] these [ði:z] husband ['hʌzbənd]
4.字母T的读音
1）字母T读[t]
例如：ten [ten] secret ['si:krit] cat [kæt] at [æt] sister ['sistə] boat [bəut] student ['stju:dənt]
2）字母T读[ʃ]
例如：station ['steiʃən] composition [,kɔmpə'ziʃən] patient ['peiʃənt] mention ['menʃən] information [,infə'meiʃən] competition [,kɔmpi'tiʃən]
3）. 字母T读[tʃ]
例如：picture ['piktʃə] century ['sentʃuri] temperature ['tempritʃə] future ['fju:tʃə]question ['kwestʃən]
5.字母X的读音
1）字母X读清音[ks]
例如：excuse[ɪkˈskju:s] expect[ˈekspɜ:t] exchange[ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ] except[ɪkˈsept] experience [ɪkˈspɪəriəns] experiment [ɪkˈsperɪmənt] explain [ɪkˈspleɪn] expose [ɪk'spəʊz] express[ɪkˈspres] expensive[ɪkˈspensɪv] extraordinary [ɪkˈstrɔ:dnri]
2）字母X读浊音[gz]
例如：exact [ɪgˈzækt] exam[ɪgˈzæm] example [ɪgˈa:mpl]exist [ɪgˈzɪst] exhaust [ɪgˈzɔ:st] executive [ɪgˈzekjətɪv]
（四）36个字母组合的读音一般规则
1. R音节的读音
R音节是由五个元音字母加上辅音字母R一起构成的音节，R音节是许多单词的构成部分，掌握R音节的读音一般规则对单词的拼读与记忆很有帮助。在单词中如果出现元音字母后有两个R连在一起，如 sorry, parrot,hurry，这里的两个R是为了区分开音节与闭音节，这样的结构一般不是R音节。R音节在单词中的读音一般规则如下表：
R音节在重读音节中的读音
1).ar在重读音节中读[a:]
例如：sharpener ['ʃɑ:pənə] car [kɑ:] dark [dɑ:k] arm [ɑ:m] card [kɑ:d] park [pɑ:k] hard [hɑ:d] farmer ['fɑ:mə] party ['pɑ:ti] artist ['ɑ:tist] garden ['gɑ:dn] far [fɑ:]
2)．er在重读音节中读[ε:]
例如：term [tə:m] certainly ['sə:tənli] person ['pə:sn] university [,ju:ni'və:siti] Germany ['dʒə:məni] serve [sə:v] prefer [pri'fə:] deserve [di'zə:v] nervous ['nə:vəs] expert [ek'spə:t]
3.)ir在重读音节中读[ε:]
例如：skirt [skə:t] thirty ['θə:ti] thirsty ['θə:sti] first [fə:st] birthday ['bə:θdei] circle ['sə:kl] dirty ['də:ti]
4）．or在重读音节中读[ɔ:]
例如：for [fɔ:] short [ʃɔ:t] sport [spɔ:t] born [bɔ:n] report [ri'pɔ:t] north [nɔ:θ] fork [fɔ:k] nor [nɔ:] order ['ɔ:də] corner ['kɔ:nə] storm [stɔ:m] afford [ə'fɔ:d] performance [pə'fɔ:məns] pork [pɔ:k]
5）．ur在重读音节中读[ε:]
例如：purse [pə:s] purple ['pə:pl] Thursday ['θə:zdi] turkey ['tə:ki] turn [tə:n] church [tʃə:tʃ] disturb [dis'tə:b] hurt [hə:t] return [ri'tə:n] surfing ['sə:fiŋ] Turkey ['tə:ki]
R音节在非重读音节中读
R音节在非重读音节中读[ə]
例如：number ['nʌmbə] ruler ['ru:lə] father ['fɑ:ðə] after ['ɑ:ftə] doctor ['dɔktə] Saturday ['sætədi] dollar['dɔlə] popular ['pɔpjulə] sugar ['ʃugə] perhaps [pə'hæps] conductor [kən'dʌktə] scissors ['sizəz] comfortable ['kʌmfətəbl] inventor [in'ventə] shepherd ['ʃepəd] inspector [in'spektə]
R音节在W后的读音
1）． ar在W后读[ɔ:]
例如：wardrobe ['wɔ:drəub]warm[wɔ:m]war[wɔ:] towards [tə'wɔ:dz] rewarding [ri'wɔ:diŋ]
2）．or在W后读[ε:]
例如：work [wə:k] word [wə:d] world [wə:ld] worse [wə:s] worth [wə:θ]
英语单词中的字母组合相当于我们汉字中的形声偏旁，掌握一些常见的字母组合及其读音对单词的拼读与记忆非常有益。英语中常见两个字母组合可分为三种类型：元音字母组合，元辅音字母组合及H辅音字母组合。英语中也有一些三个或三个以上的字母组合在一起发音。
2.十个元音字母组合及其读音：
1.AI组合在重读音节中读[ei],
例如：e-mail [i:'meil] straight [streit] train [trein] afraid [ə'freid] wait [weit] rain [rein] painting ['peintiŋ] main [mein]complain [kəm'plein] pain [pein] fail [feil] mainland ['meinlənd] rail [reil] tail [teil] painful ['peinfəl];
AI组合在非重读音节中读[ə/i]
例如：certainly ['sə:tənli] mountain ['mauntin] Britain ['britən] captain ['kæptin];
AI组合读[e]
例如：again [ə'gen] against[ə'genst]
2.OA 组合读[əu]
例如：boat [bəut] coat [kəut] road [rəud] download ['daunləud] goal [gəul]
3. EE组合读[i:]
例如：three [θri:] thirteen ['θə:ti:n] meet [mi:t] see [si:] sheep [ʃi:p] between [bi'twi:n] sleep [sli:p] week [wi:k] wheel [hwi:l] agree [ə'gri:] free [fri:] sweet [swi:t] feed [fi:d] feel [fi:l] need [ni:d] street [stri:t] beef [bi:f] cheese [tʃi:z] seem [si:m] knee [ni:] screen [skri:n] reef [ri:f] greet [gri:t] freeze [fri:z]
4.字母EA组合读[i:]
例如：please [pli:z] teacher ['ti:tʃə] seat [si:t] clean [kli:n] speak [spi:k] eat [i:t] meat [mi:t] tea [ti:] cream [kri:m] easy ['i:zi] team [ti:m] each [i:tʃ] leave [li:v] sea [si:] cheap [tʃi:p] east [i:st] wheat [hwi:t] season ['si:zn] mean [mi:n] reach [ri:tʃ] dream [dri:m] breathe [bri:ð] least [li:st] deal [di:l] beach [bi:tʃ];
EA组合读[e]
例如: health [helθ] weather ['weðə] ready ['redi] instead [in'sted] death [deθ] pleasant ['pleznt] already [ɔ:l'redi] leather ['leðə] sweater ['swetə] heavy ['hevi] head [hed] bread [bred];
EA组合读[ei]
例如: break [breik] great [greit]
5. IE组合读[i:]
例如：piece [pi:s] field [fi:ld] thief [θi:f] believe[biˈli:v] achieve [əˈtʃi:v];
IE组合读[ai]
例如：tie [tai] die [dai] pie [pai] lie[lai]
6. EI组合读[ei]
例如：eight [eit] seize[seiz] weight[weit]
EI组合读[i:]
例如：deceive [dɪˈsi:v] conceive [kənˈsi:v] perceive [pəˈsi:v] receive [rɪˈsi:v]
7. 字母OO 组合读[u:]
例如：too [tu:] room [ru:m] broom [bru:m] noon [nu:n] zoo [zu:] noodle ['nu:dl] soon [su:n] moon [mu:n] spoon [spu:n] cool [ku:l] pool [pu:l] bamboo [bæm'bu:];
OO组合读[u]
例如：book [buk] look [luk] good [gud] cook [kuk] wool [wul] wood [wud];
OO组合读[ʌ]
例如：flood [flʌd] blood [blʌd]
8. 字母OI组合读[ɔi]
例如：toilet ['tɔilit] coin [kɔin] oil [ɔil] noise [nɔiz] voice [vɔis] spoil [spɔil] soil [sɔil] point [pɔint] join [jɔin]
9. 字母OU组合读[au]
例如：mouse [maus] house [haus] trousers ['trauzəz] about [ə'baut] mouth [mauθ] out [aut] round [raund] ouch [autʃ] pound [paund] sound [saund] mountain ['mauntin] cloud [klaud] south [sauθ] loud [laud] ground [graund] proud [praud] found [faund] drought [draut] count [kaunt] blouse [blauz] around [ə'raund] thousand ['θauzənd] shout [ʃaut];
OU组合读[ʌ]
例如：young [jʌŋ] country ['kʌntri] trouble ['trʌbl] enough [i'nʌf] encourage [in'kʌridʒ] rough [rʌf] double ['dʌbl];
OU组合读[u:/u]
例如：you [ju:] could [kud] should [ʃud] soup [su:p] through [θru:]
10. AU组合读[ɔ:]
例如：daughter ['dɔ:tə] Australia [ɔ:s'treiljə] because [bi'kɔ:z] autumn ['ɔ:təm] August [ɔ:'gʌst] cause [kɔ:z] pause [pɔ:z] audience ['ɔ:diəns]
AU组合读[ɑ:]
例如：aunt [ɑ:nt] laugh [lɑ:f]
3.七个元辅音字母组合及其读音：
R音节是英语中最常见的元辅音字母组合，R音节的读音在前面已讲到。除了R音节外，英语中常见的元辅音字母组合如下表：
1）．字母AW组合读[ɔ:]，例如：draw [drɔ:] law[lɔ:] saw [s ɔ:] awful [ˈɔ:fl] flaw [flɔ:] lawn[lɔ:n] jaw[dʒɔ:] paw[pɔ:]
2）字母AY组合读[ei]
例如：today [tə'dei] way [wei] play [plei] say [sei] day [dei] away [ə'wei] player ['pleiə] may [mei] stay [stei] maybe ['meibi] relay [ri'lei] lay [lei] pay[pei]
3）字母EW组合读[ju:]
例如：news [nju:z] few [fju:] chew [tʃu:] crew [kru:]jewelry ['dʒu:əlrɪ] Jewish [ˈdʒu:ɪʃ]
4)字母EY组合读在重读音节中读
例如：hey[hei] they [ðei] grey [grei] key [ki:]；
在非重读音节中读[i]
例如：money ['mʌni] Sydney ['sidni] turkey ['tə:ki] monkey ['mʌŋki]
5）字母EX组合读[gz]
例如：exact[ɪgˈzækt] exam[ɪgˈzæm] example[ɪgˈa:mpl] exist[ɪgˈzɪst] exhaust[ɪgˈzɔ:st] executive[ɪgˈzekjətɪv]；
字母EX组合读[ks]
例如：excuse[ɪkˈskju:s] expect[ˈekspɜ:t] exchange[ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ] except[ɪkˈsept] experience [ɪkˈspɪəriəns] experiment [ɪkˈsperɪmənt] explain [ɪkˈspleɪn] expose [ɪk'spəʊz] express[ɪkˈspres] expensive[ɪkˈspensɪv] extraordinary [ɪkˈstrɔ:dnri]
6）字母OY组合读[ɔi]
例如：boy [bɔi] toy [tɔi] employ [imˈplɔi] enjoy [inˈdʒɔi]
7）字母OW组合读[əu]
例如：row [rəu] know [nəu] window ['windəu] yellow ['jeləu] throw [θrəu] borrow ['bɔrəu] tomorrow [tə'mɔ:rəu] follow ['fɔləu] grow [grəu] slow [sləu] show [ʃəu] snow [snəu] below [bi'ləu] Moscow ['mɔskəu] own [əun] bowl [bəul];
字母OW组合读[au]
例如：how [hau] down [daun] now [nau] flower ['flauə] brown [braun] cow [kau] town [taun] shower ['ʃauə] crow [krəu] allow [ə'lau]
4.五个H字母组合及其读音：
是英语中最常见的元辅音字母组合，R音节的读音在前面已讲到。除了R音节外，英语中常见的元辅音字母组合如下表：
1) 字母PH组合读[f]
例如：phone [fəun] photo ['fəutəu] dolphin ['dɔlfin] elephant ['elifənt] telephone ['telifəun] geography [dʒi'ɔgrəfi] physics ['fiziks] telegraph ['teligrɑf]
2) 字母SH组合读[ʃ]
例如：English ['iŋgliʃ] sharpener ['ʃɑ:pənə] she [ʃi:] shoe [ʃu:] short [ʃɔ:t] fish [fiʃ] shop [ʃɔp] wash [wɔʃ] dish [diʃ] wish [wiʃ] shall [ʃæl] push [puʃ] crash [kræʃ]
3) 字母CH组合读[tʃ]
例如：teacher ['ti:tʃə] much [mʌtʃ] child [tʃaild] China ['tʃainə] chair[tʃɛə] watch [wɔtʃ] lunch [lʌntʃ] catch [kætʃ] chips [tʃip] ouch [autʃ] chess [tʃes] each [i:tʃ] French [frentʃ] chicken ['tʃikin] cheap [tʃi:p] match [mætʃ] March [mɑ:tʃ] church [tʃə:tʃ] change [tʃeindʒ] such [sʌtʃ] channel ['tʃænl]；
字母CH组合读[k]
例如：school [sku:l] ache [eɪk] stomach[ˈstʌmək] mechanics [məˈkænɪk] chemistry [ˈkemɪstri];
字母CH组合读[ʃ]，例如：machine [mə'ʃi:n] chef [ʃef]
4）字母TH组合读浊音[ð]
例如：that [ðæt] this [ðis] father ['fɑ:ðə] these [ði:z] they [ðei] brother ['brʌðə] with [wið] other ['ʌðə]；
字母TH组合读清音[θ]
例如：think [θiŋk] thing [θiŋ] something ['sʌmθiŋ] math [mæθ] health [helθ] third [θə:d] thousand ['θauzənd] south [sauθ] thin [θin] truth [tru:θ] thanks [θæŋks]
5)gh组合读[f]
例如：laugh [lɑ:f] enough [ɪˈnʌf] cough [kɒf] tough[tʌf] rough[rʌf]
gh组合读不发音
例如：light [lait]fight [fait]high[hai] night[nait] eight[eit] weight[weit] neighbor['neɪbə] daughter[ˈdɔ:tə(r)] through[θru:] though[ðəʊ]
5.九个含R的三字母组合及其读音
三字母组合主要由字母R构成，其构成方式有两种，一是双字母组合加R，如：ear, air , oar , our 。二是R音节加E，如：are, ere ,ire ,ore, ure 。
1）字母EAR组合读[ɛə] /[iə]/[ ə:]，例如：pear [pɛə] wear [wɛə] tear [tɛə] dear [diə] ear [iə] clear [kliə] nearby ['niəbai] search [sə:tʃ] earth [ə:θ] appear [ə'piə]
2）字母AIR组合读 [ɛə] ，例如：hair [hɛə] air [ɛə] upstairs ['ʌp'stɛəz] repair [ri'pɛə]
3）字母OAR组合读 [ɔ:] ，例如：keyboard ['ki:bɔ:d] blackboard ['blækbɔ:d]
4）字母OUR组合读[ɔ:]/[ ə:] ，例如：your [juə] four [fɔ:] journalist ['dʒə:nəlist] journey ['dʒə:ni] pour [pɔ:]
5）字母ARE组合读[ɛə]，例如：careful ['kɛəfəl] software ['sɔftwɛə]
6）字母ERE组合读 [ɛə]/[ iə]例如：here [hiə] where [hwɛə] there [ðɛə]
7）字母IRE组合读[aiə]，例如：tire ['taiə] fireplace ['faiəpleis] hire[haiə]
8）字母ORE组合读[ɔ:], 例如：before [bi'fɔ:] more [mɔ:] score [skɔ:] explore [iks'plɔ:] store [stɔ:]
9）字母URE组合读[ʊə]/[ ə],例如：sure [ʃʊə(r)] future [ˈfju:tʃə(r)]nature ˈ[]neɪtʃə(r)] picture [ˈpɪktʃə(r)]
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