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What am I saying? (Warmup)
So we’re going to play a game. I’m going to say something very slowly, syllable by syllable. You guys can say it with me. And I want you to listen and try to figure out what I’m saying.
1. hi d?v d? n?’d? fr?n’li
2. ɑ? w? d? n?v b?n t? k?n? fɑ?niu wi w?z g? n? ge d?p se’
So what do you think? What am I saying? =\
He would have done it differently
I wouldn’t have been talking if I knew he was going to get upset
The Golden Rules
[Golden Rule #1] Every syllable begins with a consonant
[Golden Rule #2] Maintain the correct number of syllables.
The 5 kinds of Linking Techniques
A. Vowel to Consonant
1. There’s a book on the table.
B. Geminates
1. Same: It takes two to tango.
2. Similar: I made Tim do it.
C. Omission
1. T dropping: What? / I wasn’t sent here as a punishment
2. D dropping:
3. H Silencing: He’s in his office
D. Transformation
1. Don’t you
2. Didn’t you
3. Want to
4. Going to
5. Got to
E. Insertion (Watch video online)
1. Idea
2. Situation
Transformation:
This is one of the harder aspects of linking. It’s much harder to predict and there are less rules that govern it. Transformation linking is a big change in pronunciation. The change is so different that the sound of the words completely transform from their original pronunciation. Sometimes, the best way to learn transformation is to hone your listening skills and mimic the language that you hear. But there are three kinds of Transformation that we can discuss.
Note: This is the only Linking Rule that may violate the 2nd Golden Rule. The number of syllables will change in most kinds of transformation.
2. Contractions: These are easier to understand and far more systematized. It is also taught in schools and recognized by everyone.
· Recognized
· Can not = Can’t
· Do not = Don’t
· Will not = Won’t
· Have not = Haven’t
· They have = They’ve
· Partly Recognized
· There is = There’s
· That is = That’s
· this is = This’s
· Unrecognized
· They would have = They’d’ve = They’d’ve called me earlier but they were busy.
· They have a = They’ve’a = They’ve’a nice house in New York City.
3. G-dropping: Words that end in “-ing,”turn into “in.”
A. Talking about = I don’t know what you’re talkin’about
B. Having a good time = I’m havin’a good time
C. Teaching a student = I’m teachin’a student after this show.
4. (T->U = t??u ) & (D->U = d??u)
A. Did you = d?d??u Did you watch the new episode of Game of Thrones?
B. Couldn’t you = k?d?n t??u Couldn’t you just wait until next week?
5. Commonly-used word combinations: The most commonly heard English is the least clear. Over time, it will have its own kind of pronunciation. These transformations of the English language defy all logical reasoning and are extremely hard to predict. As a teacher, I believe that it’s wrong to answer a student’s question with “That’s just the way it is,”but unfortunately, this is the only answer I can give when students ask about this type of transformation. And so, I hate this type of linking the most.
· Got to = gotta
· Kind of = kinda
· Sort of = sorta
· a lot of = lotta
e.g. In Beijing, you gotta drink a lot of water.
· “Could of, would of, should of,”= “coulda, woulda, shoulda”
· Going to = gonna
· Want to = wanna
e.g. You’re gonna wanna wear a tie tomorrow
· What are you doing? = watcha doin’?
e.g. Watcha doin’tomorrow morning?
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