乙肝、丙肝和肝硬化
脂肪肝和糖尿病
酒精
黄曲霉毒素和马兜铃酸
其他导致肝硬化的病因
医脉通编译自:Ju Dong Yang, Pierre Hainaut, Gregory J. Gores, et al. A global view of hepatocellular carcinoma: trends, risk, prevention and management. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatologyvolume 16, 589–604 (2019).
参考文献:
[1] Yang, J. D. et al. Recent trends in the epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Olmsted county, Minnesota: a US population- based study. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 51, 742–748 (2017).
[2] Mittal, S. et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of cirrhosis in United States veterans is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 14, 124–131 e121 (2016).
[3] Yang, J. D. et al. Diabetes mellitus heightens the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma except in patients with hepatitis c cirrhosis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 111, 1573–1580 (2016).
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