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不要忘记中秋活动哟！
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其他小伙伴继续努力！
与学霸交流是什么样的体验？
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第二辑：虚拟语气＆代替与省略句
一、虚拟语气
虚拟语气用来表达不可能或难以实现的愿望，与事实相反的假设，通常分为基本的三种形式。
1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟：
If did / were ..., ... would
should
could do （动词原形）
might
If I were you, I would go abroadat once. (I am not you.)
If he knew it now, he could helpme. (He doesn't know it now.)
2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟：
If had done ..., ... would(might) have done ...
If I had known your telephonenumber yesterday, I would have phoned you.
(I didn't know your telephonenumber.)
If you had come here alittleearlier just now, you might have met her.
(You didn't come here earlier.)
3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟：
(1) If should v., ... would v.
（可能性很小）（译作“万一”）
If it should rain tomorrow, youcould stay at home.
If I should fail, what should Ido?
(2) If did / were to v ...,would v.
（完全不可能）
If the sun were to rise in thewest, I would lend you the money.
If you finished it in 3 minutes, Iwould give you my car.
4. 金牌特殊重点：！！
［简单联想记忆］：
● 下列动词后的“宾语从句”中需要用虚拟形式，即should 动词原形，shoud在美国英语中要省略（TOEFL语法考点）。此类常见的动词有：order, ask, decide, demand, require, recommend, suggest（建议）insist（坚决要求），advise, etc.
例句：He suggested that we (should) help them withEnglish.
The teacher ordered that thehomework (should) be finished within half an hour.
● 下列名词后的同位语从句中要用“should 动词原形”（should可省去）的虚拟。
suggestion, order, request, demand, importance, proposal.
He made a suggestion that we(should) have a fancy dress party.
I think it is a thing ofimportance that it (should) be done soon.
● It is / was important / necessary/ natural / essential / advisable / strange / surprising, ect. that 主语 should v.
It is strange that you should saysuch a thing.
It was important that you shouldtell me all the information.
● wish后的宾语从句中，as if 后的状语从句中，须用下列的虚拟形式：
主 wish (that) 主 did / were（指现在）
haddone（指过去）
would v.（指将来）
Iwishthat I met my uncle now.
IwishI had met my uncle yesterday.
IwishI could meet my uncletomorrow.
● It is (high) time that ... did/ were ...
It is time that you went to bed.
● would rather that ... did / were...
I would rather that you were nothere now.
● would sooner that ... did / were...
I would sooner that you got upearlier.
I would sooner that you were notmy brother.
测试精编
I.选择正确选项：
1. I ________ he had taught me theword, but he didn't.
A. believe B.hope C. wish D. think
2. The man in charge recommendsthat this matter ________ at the meeting. A. would be discussed B. will be discussed C. bediscussed D. may bediscussed
3. It is raining now, otherwise we________ go out play.
A. could B. can C. may D. will
4. ________ he come late, give himthe message.
A. Had B. Should C. Would D. Did
5. Hadn't my car broke down, I________ the train.
A. would have caught B. might catch C. could catch D.would catch
6. I would have helped him if Ihad time, but I ________.
A. haven't B. had C. didn't D. wouldn't
7. The dam was built in time toprotect the inhabitants from the flood; ________.
A. otherwise the damage would bebeyond measure.
B. the damage, otherwise, shouldbe very great.
C. the damage could have been veryserious otherwise.
D. the damage caused, therefore,many of them homeless.
8. It is natural that an employee________ his work on time.
A. finishes B. finish C. can finish D. finishs
9. I would go abroad but that I________ poor.
A. am B.was C. shall be D. were
10. Don't act as if you ________the only pebble on the beach.
A. are B. were C. have been D. would be
二、代替与省略
英语中，为了避免不必要的重复，经常用so, not, to, do, does 代替前面出现的动词或相关内容。
如：He translated the article betterthan I did. (did代替wrote it)
— Doyou think she isclever?
— I think so. (so代替 she is clever)
(1) 从上两例中看出，do / does / did 代替动词。
(2) 'so 与 not' 代替某个词、短语、句子等，通常用于hope, think, believe, expect, suppose, be afraid, fear, imagine, etc后作宾语。
E.g. — Is it correct?
— I'm afraid not. (not correct)
(3) 'to' 用作不定式，常跟随下列动词：want, mean, hope, expect, refuse, seem,intend, be, afraid, etc.
E.g. I asked him to go to theparty, but he refused to. (go to the party)
(4) 'do so, do that, doit' 用来代替动态动词，而不能代静态动词。
Eg. —He gave up studying English.
— Why did he do so? (= give up studyingEnglish)
— The dish tastes nice.
— Yes, so it does. (tastes nice)
(此句不能用it does it 或 it does so, 因taste属静态动词。）
(5) 为使语言精炼，避免不必要的重复，对话中常用省略形式。
E.g. — He is thinking of buying a car?
— Is he?（这里，“thinking of buying a car”被省略了。）
— Will he come back in time?
— Perhaps.（省略了he will come back in time.)
测试精编
I．选择正确答案：
1. —Shall I wake you up tomorrow? —Yes, ________ .
A. please do B. you shall
C. you will D. you may
2. I think records are often________ an actual performance.
A. as good as or better than B. as good or better than
C. like good or better than D. as good as any other
3. — If he doesn't come to work,he may be fired. — Surely he isn't so foolish ________ not to realize that.
A. so B. and C. but D. as
4. — Don't you think Alan's healthhas beenruined by smoking? — Yes, he told me ________ himself.
A. the fact B. this thing C.It D. so
5. — Will you go hometomorrowevening? — No, I'm going to a lecture, or at least, I'm planning________ .
A. on B. to C. so D. It
6. — I slipped on the stairs, I thinkmy arm is broken. — Oh! I ________ .
A. do not hope so B. do not hope C. hope not so D. hope not
7. California relies mainly on income fromfruit crops, and ________ .
A. Florida also B. Florida too
C. Florida is as well D. so does Florida
8. — Have you been here long? —________ .
A. No, not very B. Not much
C. Yes, only little D. No, only yesterday
9. — You look happy today, Mary. —I like my new dress and mother ________, too.
A. does B. likes C. is D.do
10. — So you are lost, little boy.Why didn't you hang on to your mother's skirt?
— ________, but I couldn't reach it.
A. I hanged to B. I did to
C. I didn't hang to D. I tried to
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