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英语语法
倒装
倒装是指：
根据语法要求，把谓语动词置于主语前，称为完全倒装，把助动词或情态动词置于主语前，称为部分倒装。
1．副词如：in, out, down, there, here, off, over, away, etc. 句子倒装。（完全倒装，但主语不能是代词）
Down jumped the murderer from the tenth floor.
In came Miss Green.
特别注意：当主语是人称代词时不倒装。
Away she went! （她走了！）
Here you are! （你在这儿！）
2．only + 副词（介词短语）位于句首，句子要倒装。
Only then did he realize that he was mistaken.
Only by working hard can we succeed in doing anything.
3．well, so, often, such, few, little 放于句首，句子形成倒装。
So fine was the weather that we all went out lying in the sun.
Well did I know him and well did he know me.
4．否定词或具有否定意义的词及词组用在句首时，句子须倒装。此类词有： neither，nor，hardly，scarcely， rarely，seldom，not，never，not only，barely，at no time，nowhere等。
— Jack could not swim.
— Neither could Tom.
Never have I seen such a good movie.
5．as引导让步状语从句，须倒装。（准确地说，是将需要强调的词提到as的前面。）
Rich as he is, he spends a cent on charity.
Try as he does, he never seems able to do the work beautifully.
6．在表示祝愿的句子中。
May you make greater progress! （愿你取得更大进步！）
7．在虚拟条件句中，连词if省略时，句型要倒装，即将were, had, should等词提到句首。
Were I you, I would go abroad to take advanced study.
我要是你，就出国进修了。
Should he come tomorrow, he would help us to settle the problem.
他要是明天来的话，他会帮我们解决这个问题的。
8．百分特例重点：
Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want.
英语语法
冠词
不定冠词：
不定冠词'a'用来表示可数名词的单数形式，用于辅音音素前，an用于元音音素前。
如：a person, a day, an hour, an old man...
定冠词用法：
1．用于双方都知道的名词前：Please clean the classroom.
2．用于单数名词前，表示一类人或物：
The horse is a useful animal.（马是有用的动物）
This is a very hard job for the teacher.（对于老师这是一项很难的工作。）
3．用于世界上独一无二的东西前：the sun, the spring.
4．用于方位名词前：People in the west like coffee very much.
5．用于乐器名词前：play the violin
6．用于计量单位前：Gasoline is sold by the gallon.
7．形容词最高级和序数词前：
This is the easiest way to work out the problem.
He came to see me for the first time.
8．用于江河湖海山脉名称前：
the Pacific，the Thames，the Rocky Mountains
9．杂志、报刊名称前：the Times，the Overseas Digest
10．用于建筑物、和组织前：the White House, the Ministry of Education
11．用于姓氏复数前，表“某某夫妇，某某一家人：the Smiths，the Greens
12．用于形容词前，表一类人 / 物：the rich, the blind
13．用于 English，Chinese，French 等名词前，表“全体国民” ：the English，the Chinese
以下情况不用冠词：
1．三餐前 breakfast，lunch，supper, ... Have you had lunch?
2．体育运动项目前 play chess,... I have no interest in tennis.
3．在由 by引出的交通工具前 by air（乘飞机），by car
4．在称呼或职位前 He has been elected president of the committee.
5．习惯用语前 at school，day by day，at table（在吃饭），go to church（做礼拜）...
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