定语：修饰名词或代词的句子成分
The women teachers were so kind yesterday. (women修饰teacher, 且teacher是名词，根据定语的概念可分析出women是定语，不解释)
The famous city is the city of Wuhan. (famous 形容词 字典里标注为adj)
The man downstairs slept late. (downstairs 副词 字典里标注为adv 我们可以说定语一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词前面，但是downstairs放在它所修饰的词man的后面，我们就叫做后置定语，常见的有downstairs, upstairs, above及below)
3 people died in the accident. (3 数词 字典里标注为num. the 冠词 字典里标注为art.)
The cat in the house is missing. (介词短语 后置定语 字典里无标注)
Is there anything to say? (to加动词原形 我们所谓的动词不定式 后置定语 字典里无标注 动词不定式作后置定语和后面讲的宾补以及状语时 它所表示的实际动作在逻辑上处于真正的谓语动词之后才发生 例句中anything 先there is 后才能有say这个动作发生)
1. The standing lady is Miss Gao.
2. The lady standing under the tree is Miss Gao. (动词ing 我们所谓的现在分词或动名词 字典里无标注)
大家注意第一句：standing是单个的动词ing所以不用当后置定语。而第二句standing under the tree是动词ing短语（多个词构成）一般只能作后置定语。
大家切记：动词ing作定语，以及作后面讲的宾语补足语时：它所修饰的或补充说明的词和它之间是主动关系，例句中lady在逻辑上主动并正在发出stand这个动作。
1. The murdered man was Tom.
2. The man murdered in the car was Tom. (动词的过去分词 字典里无标注)
大家注意第一句：murdered是单个的动词过去分词所以不用当后置定语。而第二句murdered in the car是过去分词短语（多个词构成）一般只能作后置定语。
大家切记：动词过去分词作定语，以及作后面讲的宾语补足语时：它所修饰的或补充说明的词和它之间是被动关系，例句中man在逻辑上被murder。
The lady who liked you before is married now. (一个句子 我们所谓的定语从句 后置定语 字典里无标注)
宾语补足语：对宾语进行补充说明的句子成分
We call him Danny. (如果没有Danny的话 这句话翻译就不完整 所以Danny是对宾语him进行补充说明的 Danny 名词 字典里标注为n)
No one will make me happy. (happy 形容词 字典里标注为adj)
Let him in. (in 副词 字典里标注为adv)
I found everything in good order. (介词短语 后置定语 字典里无标注)
Don’t ask me to call him Jack. (to加动词原形 我们所谓的动词不定式 字典里无标注)
“宾语+不定式”充当宾补的不定式有三种：
A. 要求带to的不定式
The cool water of the lake invited us to swim.
B. 要求不带to 的不定式let, make, see, hear, watch等
The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.
I often hear him read English in his room.
C. 单词help 后可加 to 或不加 to
She sometimes helps her mother (to) do housework.
I saw a lady standing under the tree. (动词ing 我们所谓的现在分词或动名词 字典里无标注)
I found a cat buried in the grave. (动词的过去分词 字典里无标注)
I will make our city what your city looks like. (一个句子 我们所谓的补语从句 字典里无标注)
状语：修饰形容词，副词，动词以及整个句子的句子成分，它表示时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等。
He did it carefully.(carefully 副词 字典里标注为adv)
They missed me very much. (very 副词 字典里标注为adv)
Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. (介词短语 字典里无标注)
In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. (动词不定式 字典里无标注)
When I was young, I could swim well. (一个句子 我们所谓的状语从句 字典里无标注)
Luckily, we won the game. (luckily 副词 字典里标注为adv)
Standing under the tree, the boy shouted loudly. Boy和stand在逻辑上是主谓关系，正在发生。(动词ing 我们所谓的现在分词或动名词 字典里无标注)
Killed in the car, the man’s body remained undetected for long. Man和kill在逻辑上是被动关系，已经发生。(动词的过去分词 字典里无标注)
学习了句子成分后，童鞋们说话首先考虑下所用之词或短语能否正确的作它们各自的句子成分，尼玛不要再只顾及意思而不顾及基础结构语法来说话了。大家一定注意。
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