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赖世雄美语从头学-入门篇
       今天开始进入英语加强训练了,不过虽然说是加强,不过是从最最基础开始学起的,旨在整体提高自己的英语水平。毕竟不是为了应付应试考试,而是想真正提高,然后看了恶魔奶爸的文章和推荐,决定主要以赖世雄的材料为主,加上ESLPOD的输入辅助吧。

       赖世雄美语从头学-入门篇的第一课真的是非常基础,lesson 1: Greetings。其实我开始有点质疑自己有没有必要从这么基础开始学起,而且我也不是那么闲,但是发现其实里面还真有自己不知道的知识点,所以还是静下心来抱着虚心的心态好好学,不过期间我也会同时给自己按按摩什么的一心二用。接下来的知识点都是针对自己需要强调的。
       
1. Greetings,有加s,而且是必须加s,毕竟打招呼一句话解决不了
2. bad和bed的区别,前者大e,后者小e
3. thank不要吝啬,加s
4. good afternoon也代表午安
5. -See you later
    -Alligator 鳄鱼,没有具体意思,年轻人的俏皮话,和later尾音相似
6. 问候语 (下划线较常用)
    How are you? (多正式)
    How's it going?
    What's up? (年轻人)
    How are you doing? (熟朋友)
    How are you getting alone?
    How have you been? 
    What's happening?
7. 问候答句区别
    a. 都有you
        How are you?
        =How are you doing?
        =How are you getting alone?
    answer:
        I'm fine, thank you.  (跟fine有关的回答持保留意见,比较多说法是一般不用fine这种回答,我个人听到最多的就是good)
        Fine, thanks.
        Great, thanks.
        Not bad, thanks.
        So-so, thank you.
    b. How have you been?
        这个问法是完成时,所以不能用am
    answer:
    I have been fine, thank you.
    Fine, thank you.
    c. How's it going?
    answer: Not bad, thank you.
                 So-so, thank you.
                 Great, thank you.
                 Fine, thank you.
    d. What's up/What's happening?
    answer: Nothing much.
                  Same as usual.
8. 感谢
    Thanks a lot. (非正式)
    Thanks a million (俏皮话)

Lesson 2 Courtesy (礼貌)

Idiom: Courtesy costs nothing. 礼貌不花钱;礼多人不怪。

发音:
pardon:读快了d不发,parnon,n用鼻音,嘴巴微张
excuse:c发g的音
beg vs. bag:前小e,后大e
vocabulary是不可数,想用可数要用word
注意idiom和idiot
pumpkin head=idiot


Lesson 3 
What's your name?一般是上级对下级,长辈对晚辈或者平辈之间的说法。
What's your name, please?比较有礼貌
May I have your name, please?说法更委婉

I'm (a) Chinese. a可以用也可以不用。

Lesson 4 Introductions
Hey 显得不礼貌 
this [Ⅰs]     vs.    these [eiz]
Mrs. [misiz]   xx太太(已婚)
Miss  [ms]   未婚
Ms.   [miz]  未/已婚,用于不确定时

you're always on the ball
on the ball 有机灵的意思

he is yellow/chicken  他很胆怯

Lesson 5 Occupations
A: How do you do?    这只表示你好,而不是你好吗。 
B: I'm fine, thank you. (X)    
    How do you do? (O)

in/at the bank
in the station 在车站里面
at the station只强调地点

Lesson 6 Time
What time do you have?
= What time is it, please?
= What time is it by your watch, please?

ma'am  夫人,小姐(对妇女的口头尊称)

It's 5 past 3
= It's 3 o 5

It's twelve noon.
It's twelve midnight.

Lesson 7 Day and Date
What's today's date?
= What's the date today?   回日期

What day is (it) today? 回星期几

twentieth [?twεntθ]

若名词代表的是人或动物以外,所有无生命的东西或植物,则通常不使用所有格形式,而采用结构:the A of B
e.g the color of the table
不过表示时间或地方的名词却可采用两种所有格形态
today's world = the world (of) today
the city's traffic = the traffic of the city
Canada's climate = the climate of Canada


Lesson 8 The weather
What's the weather like today?
= How's the weather today (in+地点)?

Look before you leap 三思而后行

Lesson 9 Telephone Conversation 1
May I 比 can I 有礼貌

Who's this, please? = Who's calling, please?
- This is xxx.

- Hello, is John there, please?
- This is he.

在房间内听到门外有人敲门时
- Who's it, please?
- It's xxx.

Lesson 10 Telephone Conversation 2
I'd like to 比 I want to 更委婉

Do you have time?   你有时间吗
Do you have the time? 现在几点了

go to bed睡觉
go to the bed走到床边


Lesson 12 Buying things
pen 钢笔或原子笔
fountain pen 钢笔
a cup of ... 热饮
a glass of ... 冷饮

The price of the house is high.
                                        expensive (x)
The house is expensive.
price: 高低
物品:便宜/贵

change 不可数
Do you have change for a hundred.

Here you are./Here you go.

Lesson 13 At the restaurant
In the restaurant 饭店里面
At the restaurant 里/外面都可以

Smoking section
Non-smoking section

-How would you like it? 你的牛排要几分熟?
-Well-done, please. 全熟
 Medium. 六七分
 Medium-rare. 四五分
 Rare. 三分

aisle 靠走道
window seat

waiter 男    waitress 女

Can I have another minute, please?

Would you want me to carry your bags?


Lesson 14 At the clothing store
Clothes 始终要用复数,且clothes亦是不可数名词
some clothes, a lot of clothes, many clothes

clothing 无复数      much clothing

cloth [kl?θ]    布,不可数
a piece of cloth     some cloth     a lot of cloth

on sale 打折
for sale 单纯指出售

Lesson 15 At the department store
Gift-wrap it 礼品包装一下

have a dress (in) my size
in size 6

let me help you/give you a hand with the box.

I'm a chicken. 我是个胆小鬼

take your measurements 量身材

Lesson 16 At the shoe store
Sure. 教口语
Of course 较正式

we're sold out of + 东西

high-heeled shoes

Lesson 17 At the bookstore
the latest edition 最新版本

paperback 普通本
hardcover 精装本

A Tale of Two Cities. 双城记    Charles Dickens 查尔斯·狄更斯
书名一般在印刷或打字时,要用斜体来表示;如果书写时,则在该书名下划底线

consult the dictionary
look up the word in the dictionary


Lesson 18 Taking a taxi
Where to, ma'am? = Where are you going, ma'am?

Here we are. 我们到了

Here you are/go. = There you go. 在这儿,拿去吧

There you to again. 你又来(这一套)了

How come + 正常语序 为什么
e.g How come you go by bus but don't get to school on time sometimes?

Lesson 19 Booking a room
Things will come right in the end.  船到桥头自然直

Please be all ears. 请大家把耳朵准备好

What are the rates/prices?

deluxe suite 豪华套房
presidential suite 总统套房

有少数形容词修饰名词时,形容词要放在该名词之后,而不可至于其前,如available
The only doctor available in the hospital does not have much experience.

US$100 念法:one hundred US dollars

Will you pay by cash or charge? 付现金还是刷卡

Lesson 20 Checking into a hotel
You're booked in Room 609
be booked in Room + 数字      预定。。。(号码)的房间

check into the hotel
check at the hotel
check out the hotel

bellboy(旅馆中帮人提行李或送东西等的)男服务生

fill out 美式
fill in 英式

Lesson 21 Changing money
What's the exchange rate for US dollars, please?
What's the exchange rate between +货币名称+and+货币名称

It's 7.89 Hong Kong dollars to 1 US dollar.
7.89读作seven point eight nine, 小数点后面的数字要一个个念

-How do you want your money? 你要多少面额的钱
-Seven hundreds, eight tens and the rest in change, please.

ditch class 翘课
ditch me 甩掉我

-Which currency do you want your money in?
-In US dollars, please.

Lesson 22 Booking an Airline Ticket
Children grow like weeds.

confirmation code number 确认代码

Do you wish to fly first class, business or economy?
            hope to

depart for + 地方    出发前往某地

the train departs on schedule every morning
                             按时
确切时间:at + 时间
日期,星期几:on
年,月,季,上/下午,晚上:in

a round-trip ticket
a one-way ticket
one-way street

I've booked you on flight number 007.

The secretary books Mr.Li in at the Hilton Hotel every time he travels abroad.

at Christmas 在圣诞节期间
on Christmas Day 圣诞节当天
Lai Lai Sheraton 喜来登

Lesson 23 At the Airport Ⅰ
arrival/departure lounge (机场)入/出境大厅

check-in counter 办理登机手续的柜台

arrive at + 地点(建筑物如邮局,车站等)
arrive in + 地点(大地方如城市,国家等)

air terminal 航展大厦

lounge是大厅或休息室的意思,如teacher's lounge
但旅馆或饭店内的大厅则叫做lobby

go和come以原形动词出现时,则可将其后连接词and省略,直接加另一个动词

what can I do to better my English?

Lesson 24 At the Airport Ⅱ
baggage claim stub 提行李的存根
                  n.
where can I claim my baggage?
                      v.
boarding pass 登记证

you board at Gate 12
       board on the train
a pack of cigarettes

please wait here till your luggage goes through the X-ray machine
please fill out these tags and attach them to your suitcases
put them on the scale.
                           秤
You'll have to pay an excess baggage charge. 
                                     超重行李费
have to 和 must虽都为“必须”,但have to是含有被勉强而不得不的意味,而must则除此意之外,尚有道德上不得不然的意味

How much will that be?

he has claim to the car
where can/do i claim my luggage
all work and no play, makes jack a dull boy 整天用功玩耍聪明的孩子也变傻。

Lesson 25 At the Post Office
scale the mountain/wall 爬山/墙

I'd like to send this letter by register mail. 挂号寄这封信
I'd like to register this mail.

where to 去哪儿(口语)= where are you going?
                                            adv.修饰going,不能作to的宾语
out for some fresh air. It's stuffy in here.

Do you often weigh yourself?
                        v.
That'll be three dollars, please.

I'd like to send this by air mail, please.
                              by sea mail
                              by regular mail
                              by registered mail
                              by special delivery = by express delivery

a piece of mail

mail a letter = send a letter = post a letter

Lesson 26 At the Doctor's
sore muscle 肌肉酸痛

have the flu  
have a flu (X)

John is not well because he has the flu.

have a cold = catch a cold = catch cold

cover your mouth when you cough/yawn

sore: adj. 疼痛的,指发炎或受伤的部位一碰就痛的感觉;此外,sore还可用来表示肌肉方面酸痛,如have a sore arm

ache: 也可表示疼痛,常和其他字并用形成复合字,但ache则是指某部位持续疼痛的感觉。

fair < quite < rather < very/extremely

shot 口语用法     injection 正式
give + 人 + a shot = give + 人 + an injection
get/take a shot = get/take an injection

you're sacked/fired.

you worry me sick  你让我担心死了

表示“吃药”的动词需用take,但“喝汤”的动词用eat,
表示“喝饮料,咖啡,牛奶等”时则动词用drink

don't read the newspaper at meals.

Lesson 27 At the Zoo
take a picture with + 人/物   和某人/物拍照
take a picture of + 人/物   拍某人/物的照片
take a picture for + 人   替某人(做)拍照(的工作)

I'll stand behind the railing.
                                  栏杆
be ready to + 动词
be ready for + 名词

They sure are beautiful.
此处sure为副词,表示“的确”,等于surely

look at + 名词
= take a look at + 名词
= have a look at + 名词

People kill them for their tusks. Now they are an endangered species.
tusk是指象,海象,野猪等动物的“长牙”,而ivory则是指“象牙材质”的意思。
The pipe is made of ivory.
       烟斗

The lion is caged.

I live within walking distance of my school.

He is as thin as a rail.

He is seasoned. 有经验的

species是单复数同形的名词,亦即可说one species, two species, many species等。
除上述species之外,常见的尚有: fish, sheep, deer, salmon, buffalo, antelope等

Lesson 28 Going to the movies
"going to the movies"表“看电影时”,movie必须用复数
watch a movie = see a movie = take in a movie

can i have our seats up front, please?
                                  前排
                                 in the back
                                 near/by the aisle
                                 toward the center
                                 on the left/right side

Is Titanic showing yet? 泰坦尼克号上映了吗

That movie is a return 那部电影是二轮片
 
be at the movies 在看电影

main/lead actor/actress  男/女主角

就文法而言,“sound like...”之中的like为介词,之后只能接名词作宾语,不能接主语和动词;若要接主语和动词,则须改用“sound as if...” (听起来仿佛。。。),因为as if才是连接词。但在现代英文中,已把like既视为介词,之后接名词作宾语,又视之为连接词,之后接主语和动词。
It sounds like a good idea.
He sounds as if he knows everything about it.
He sounds like he knows everything about it.

You can say that again! 你说的一点也没错!(表赞同他人意见的用语,口语用法)


Lesson 29 Job Interviews
Why did you quit your last job?
                    resign from

carve out a bright future 开创光明的前途

He sometimes visits me.
He visits me on occasion.
He visits me occasionally.
He visits me every now and then.

After a year, you'll get an annul leave for seven days.
ask for leave 请假
be on leave 休假中
be on vacation/holiday 度假中

year-end bonus 年终奖

make/earn money 赚钱
make/earn a fortune 赚大钱
make/earn a lot of money
make/earn a living by...靠。。。维生

Lesson 30 Emergency calls
What should you do in case of an emergency?

I'm at No.10 Zhong Hua Road.   但 I live on Zhong Hua Road.
通常与数字有关的介词都用at表示,如
at + 门牌号码
at + 年龄:at the age of 
at the speed of 

run into + 人    与某人不期而遇
=run into

be on fire  燃烧中,着火
set fire to  放火烧
=set + 名词 + on fire


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