英语有四类动词:行为动词(实意动词)、连系动词、助动词、情态动词。其中行为动词和连系动词是主要动词。
1. 行为动词分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)。及物动词通常都跟有宾语如:
(1)She committed a serious error.她犯了一个严重的错误。
(2)They were busy making artificial flowers.他们在忙着做纸花。
(3)The child needed constant attention.这孩子需要经常照顾。
(4)Where did you put the key? 你把钥匙放哪儿了?
这类动词很多,常见的如:
achieve address admire affect afford avoid
blame build buy carry catch claim
commit complete concern control convince correct
have heat hire include influence introduce
provide raise receive recommend record release
use value want waste welcome
◆有些及物动词和一个介词短语或副词连用:
(1)Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。
(2)This song reminded me of my childhood.这首歌使我想起来童年。
(3)He promised to treat us to dinner.他答应请我们吃饭。
常见的这类短语有:
accustom…to aquaint…with attribute…to base…on(upon)
bring…with cram…into compare…to condemn…to
confine…to convey…to dedicate…to deprive…to
direct…to divide…into engrave…with entrust…to
incorporate…into jot…down lavish…on liken…to
mistake…for owe…to point…at (to) present…to(with)
prevent…from regard…as remind…of return…to
rid…of rob…of send…to subject…to
supply…with (to) treat…to trust…with view…as
◆有几个及物动词可以和许多名词一道表示动作,这类动词称为虚意动词,最常见的是下面几个:
have 可以跟:
bath bathe celebration chat conversation cry
dance discussion dislike dispute dream drink
fear fight interview laugh lie look
love quarrel read respect rest row(争吵)
run scene sleep smoke success swim
talk try walk wash win wish
give可以跟:
account advice analysis answer approval beating
blow chuckle clean consent consideration cry
dry gasp giggle glance grin groan
hint