理解了前文现在完成时之后,我们来看过去完成时:
By the bus came, I had left the station.
车来时,我已经离开了。
(我离开发生在车来之前)
By the bus came, I had waited at the station for 2 hours.
车来时,我已经在车长等了俩小时。
(从到车站开始等一直等到车来)
(关于延续非延续性可参考前文学好动词英语就学好了一半:动词分类)
1虚拟 had planned to do
I had planned to catch the early bus, but I got up late.
我本打算赶早班车的, 但是我起晚了。
(本计划做而没有做,与过去事实相反,与事实相反就是虚拟)
表示计划、想法、打算的词还有:mean,intend,want, hope, expect, think, imagine.
2倒装:注意跟前文时态难点2:一般过去时10大必背句式的对照。
Hardly had I arrived at the station when the bus came.
=No soonerhad I arrived at the stationthan the bus came.
我一到车站车就来了。
主句用过去完成,when/than后的从句用一般过去。为什么?
虽然翻译为“一…就…”,到车站的时间点和车来的时间点非常接近,但是严格来说,
主句动作我到车站发生在从句动作车来之前(过去的过去),所以用had done。
3句式,注意主语主从句时态,本质上来自于现在完成的3个常用句式
①It is/has been +一段时间+since sb. did
It is 10 years since he moved here.
自从他搬来这到现在已经10年了。
②It is the +序数词+time that sb. have done
It is the first time that I have met such a beautiful girl.
这是到现在为止我第一次遇见这么漂亮的女孩。
③It is the +最高级+n +that sb. have done
It is the most beautiful girl that I have met.
这是到现在为止我遇见的最漂亮的女孩。
只需要把以上三个句子的主从句都提前一个时态。即把主句一般现在提前为一般过去,把现在完成和一般过去提前为过去完成时就得出了过去完成时的三个句式,尝试翻译一下三个句子:
①自从他搬来这到搬走整整10年。(搬来和搬走都发生在过去)
It was 10 years since he had moved here.
②那是到那时为止我第一次遇见漂亮的女孩。(后来又遇到了很多次)
That wasthe first time that I had metsuch a beautiful girl.
③那是到那时为止我遇见的最漂亮的女孩。(后来又遇见了更漂亮的)
That wasthe most beautiful girl that I had met.
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