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一、some 和 any 的用法
some 意为“一些”、“几个”,通常用于肯定句中。现将其主要用法归纳如下:
1、some 作形容词时,可以修饰复数可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词,例如:
There are some students in the classroom.
教室里有几个学生。
There is some milk in the glass.
杯子里有一些牛奶。
2、some 作不定代词用时,可在句中作主语或宾语,例如:
Some of the boys are playing games now.
有几个男孩现在正在做游戏。
I have no paper. Please give me some.
我没有纸了,请给我一些吧。
下面请看两个例句:
Some of the pie is missing.Some of the pies are missing.可见,some 作主语时,谓语动词用单数还是复数取决于它指代的很多种的一些,还是一个中的一些。3、some 有时也可以用在疑问句或条件句中,表示请求、建议,并期望得到对方的肯定回答。它也可以用于反问句中,例如:Would you like some more tea?Could I have some milk, please?Do you want something to eat?If you want (some), I'll give you some. any 也有“一些”的意思,但它常用在否定句、否定答语或疑问句中。其具体用法如下:1、any 作形容词用时,可以修饰可数名词的单数或复数,也可以修饰不可数名词,例如:Do you have any questions to ask? There isn't any water in this bottle. 2、any 作代词用时,也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何”的意思,起强调作用,例如:You may take any of them. Any man with eyes in his head can see that he's exactly like a rope. 任何一个头上长有眼睛的人都能看出,他完全像一根绳子。If you have any time, please come to my house. If you have any, give us some. 1、一般说来,some 用于肯定句,any 用于否定句和疑问句,例如:She doesn't want any chalk.2、any 可与 not 以外其他有否定含义的词连用,表达否定概念,例如:He never had any regular schooling.3、any 可以用于表达疑问概念的条件句中,例如:If you have any trouble, please let me know.Are you expecting some visitors this afternoon?Are you expecting any visitors this afternoon?解析:说话人不知道下午是否有人来,所以用 any.Didn't you give him some tickets?解析:说话人认为票已经给他了。问题的回答是:Sure I did.Did you give him any tickets?B、款待用语或问句的实质等于提出一个要求并希望得到肯定的回答时,例如:Won't you have some more tea?Could you get me some clips?C、在“Let me know if you need any help.”这类条件句中,可用 some 代替any.用 any 表示说话人完全不知道对方是否需要帮助,或表示说话人愿意向对方提供无限量的帮助。Let me know if you need any help.用 some 则表示提供对方某种程度的、确定的帮助,或者表示期待肯定的回答,例如:Let me know if you need some help.
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