（一）句子成分的定义：
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；
主要成分有主语和谓语；
次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。
1. 句子的成分
主语:(Subject)
表示句子说的是什么人或什么事.
是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在疑问句和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. （名词）
2.We often speak English in class. （代词）
3. Six and eight are lucky numbers. （数词）
4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
5.Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
6.The rich should help the poor. （名词化的形容词）
7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.
（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
谓语 (Predicate)
说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：
He practises running every morning.
I am an optimistic boy.
2、复合谓语：
（1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：
You may keep the book for two weeks.
（2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如：
Do you speak English？
They are working in a field.
He has caught a bad cold.
注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
l 1.He is doing his homework. （名词）
l 2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. （代词、动名词）
l 3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. （名词、数词）
4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. （名词化形容词，名词）
5.He pretended not to see me. （不定式短语）
6.I enjoy listening to popular music. （动名词短语）
7.I think（that）he is fit for his job. （宾语从句）
双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：
Lend me your dictionary, please.
to: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，例如：
He sent the novel to William yesterday.
send sb. th. = send th. to sb.
for: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，例如：
She bought a gift for her mother.
buy sb. th. = buy th. for sb.
表语(Predicative)
l 用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。
l 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：
1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
2.Is it yours?（代词）
3.The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
4.The man is standing.（分词）
5.Three times seven is twenty one.（数词）
6.His job is to teach English.（不定式）
7.His hobby is playing football.（动名词）
8.The meeting is of great importance.（介词短语）
9.Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。
1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：
He is a teacher.
2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting.
3）表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He seems (to be) very sad.
4）感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.
5）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：The river was beginning to run dry.
6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达'结果是;证明是 '，之意，例如：The rumor proved false.
His plan turned out a success.
宾语补足语（Object Complement）
用于补充说明宾语，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make 等。“宾补”一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：
1.His father named him Xiaoming.（名词）
2.They painted their boat white.（形容词）
3.Let the fresh air in. （副词）
4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. （不定式短语）
5.We saw her entering the room. （现在分词）
6.We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
7.We will soon make our city what your city is now. （从句）
定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语
定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city. （形容词）
China is a developing country;（现在分词）
America is a developed country. （过去分词）
There are thirty women teachers is our school. （名词）
His rapid progress in English made us surprised. （代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English. （介词短语）
Tom is a boy who likes music very much. （从句）
状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，
说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。
通常有副词，介词短语和从句充当．
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of
the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand. （伴随状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.
（目的状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
同位语（从句）: 对其前面的名词、代词做进一步解释.
That is Mr. Chen, our English teacher.
China, our motherland, is becoming stronger.
The fact that he told a lie to his mom surprised us.
插入语: 对一句话作一些附加的解释.
To be honest, I don’t quite agree with you.
定语，状语，同位语及插入语可以称为
附属句子成分。
。。。。。。
（未完，详细例句和内容请看上面视频）
联系客服
