现在完成时
一、概念
1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态
二、结构
主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
三 现在完成时的特征词:
already(肯定句) ， yet(否定句和疑问句)
just (谓语动词之前)
never，ever(曾经，疑问句)
before(以前，位于句末），so far（目前为止）
for+ 时间段 , since+过去时间/+句子（过去时）/时间段ago
already ---------- yet 已经 用于肯定句 用于否定句，疑问句
1.She has not seen this film .
She has seen this film.
2.I have cut my hair.
Have you cut your hair ？
3.He has watched a video.
He has not watched a video .
②现在完成时与just连用
just 刚刚，常用于肯定句中。
一般置于助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前。
I have just finished lunch.
We have just heard of her marriage.
③for/since
for+一段时间
She has taught us for 3 years.
1.一般过去时的句子：She has taught us since I came to this school.
since+ 2.过去的时间：She has taught us since 1999.
3.一段时间+ago：She has taught us since 3 years ago.
用for 或since填空
1. Jim has been in Ireland Monday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland three days.
3. His aunt has lived in Australia 15 days.
4. Mary is in her office. She has been there 7 o'clock.
5. India has been an independent country 1974.
6. The bus is late. They've been waiting 20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.
8. Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital October.
答案：since，for, for, since, since, for, for, for, since
标志词练习
1.Have you ________(曾经) been to Beijing?
No, _____(从来没有).
2.I have ______(刚刚) finished my work.
3.I have finished my work_______(已经).
4.Have you finished your work______(已经)?
5.She has taught English _____ 10 years.
6.He has worked in the factory ______(自从) one year ago.
7.I have heard of the story _______(以前).
四have/has gone to:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回；经常回答Where is sb?
have/has been to:曾今去过某地，现在已经回来了,后面可接表示'次数'的状语; 回答How many times...?
have/has been in:表示某人'已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里'，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。用来回来How long...?
1.She Shanghai. She isn't here.
2.She Shanghai. She is here.
3.She Shanghai for two years.
4.-where is Jim?
-He Wuhan.
5.—Where's your father?
一He ____ to the US. He ____ there twice before.
A. has gone; has gone B. has been; has gone
C. has gone; has been D. has been; has been
答案：has gone to, has been to, has been in, has gone to, C
五现在完成时中的延续性动词和非延续性动词
一、延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。此类动词常见的如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
可与表示'段时间'的状语连用。表示'段时间'的短语有：for two years, since接时间点或从句, how long等。如：
He has lived here for 6 years.他在这儿已住了六年了。
I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或点动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin(start), finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;
请看例句He died 5 years ago.
常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词间的转换
buy--have/has had
come to--have/ has been in
go to--have/ has been in
get to--have/ has been in
join--have/ has been in或have/ has been a soldier
leave--have/ has been away
borrow--have/ has kept
begin--have/ has been on
finish--have/ has been over
die--have/ has been dead
get married--have/ has been married
1. —________ have you been in Chongqing?
—For five years.
A. How many B. How soon C. How much D. How long
2. —Helen, when did you move here?
—I ________ here since two years ago.
A. moved B. lived C. have moved D. have lived
3. He ________ for ten years.
A. has been married B. married C. got married D. has married
4. —When will A Bite of China Ⅱ begin tonight?
—It ________ for ten minutes.
A. will begin B. has begun C. will be on D. has been on
5. Her son ________ the army for two months. She misses him very much.
A. has joined B. has been in C. joined D. was in
答案：D, C, A, D, B
现在完成时练习
1. Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years.
A. joined B. joined to C. been in D. joined in
2. We have been friends since ______.
A. Children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before
3. Mike ___________ the story for a month.
A. Has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed
4. You ______ that question three times.
A. already asked B. have already asked
C. already have asked D. asked already
5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou __________.
A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago
6. I _____ at this school for two years already.
A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied
7. They _________ in the city since last summer.
A. live B. didn't live C. have lived D. live
8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _____ 1992.
A. since B. from C. after D. in
9. Mr. Black ______ China since the summer of 1998.
A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to
10. You'd better go on ______ English.
A. study B. studied C. studying D. to study
11. You have never been to the Great Wall,_______ you?
A. do B. don't C.have D.haven't
12.His father _______ for years.
A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies
13. Mary ________ to see the films because she __________ it twice.
A. won't go, saw B. won't go, will see
C. won't go, has seen D. didn't go, sees
14. ________ you ________ some more food? Thank you. I _______ enough.
A. Will,want,have had B. have, wanted, have
C. Do, want , have D. Do, want, have had
15. ______ you ______ England? Yes, it _____ a beautiful country.
A. Will , gone to, was B.Have , been to, is
C. had ,been to, is D. Have ,gone to, is
16. ----____ you ____ to the capital?
---No, I ______.I ______ there early next month.
A. Have,been, haven't, am going B. Had, been, hadn't, am going
C. Have, gone, haven't, was going D. Did,go, didn't, was going
17. ---You sister ______ to London to study English. Is that true?
---Yes , she ___ there for two months.
A. has been, has been B. will go, has gone
C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been
18. Bruce ____ how to use a computer. He____a computer of his own. He ____ it two days ago
A. learns, will get, bought B. is learning, has got, bought
C. learned, has got, bought D. is learning, got, has bought
19. --You haven't read the book before, have you?
--_______.
A. Yes , I haven't. B. No, I have. C. Yes, I do. D. No, I haven't.
20. -Where is Li Lei?
-He ___ Shanghai.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to
21.He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
22.Have you met Mr Li ______？
Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
23.The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
24.-Our country ______ a lot so far .
-Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
25.Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
Ａ. was ; studyingＢ. will ; study Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying
26.We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
27.Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
Ａ.will see Ｂ.have seenＣ.sawＤ.see
28.-______ you ___ your homework yet ?
-Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
Ａ.Did ; do ; finishedＢ.Have ; done ; finished
Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ.will ; do ; finish
29. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in
30.My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
Ａ.have been in Ｂ. have been to Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been
答案：
1-5，CCBBDB, 6-10，DCABD,11-15,CBCDB, 16-20, ADBAA,21-25,BCDCC,26-30,CBBDA
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