中英对照文本
翻译：Mangosteen | 校对：FungChuh
Here's a riddle:
这里有个谜：
How is it that ever since the government began telling us what to eat, we have gotten fatter and sicker?
究竟为什么自从政府开始告诉我们吃什么后，我们就变得越来越肥胖虚弱？
In 1977, when the government first set dietary guidelines, the average American male weighed 170 pounds. He now weighs197. It's not any better for women —145 to 170. And you don't need an academic study to know the same thing is happening to kids. Just look around.
1977 年，政府首次制定饮食指南，美国男性平均重 170 磅（约 77.11 公斤）。如今重 197 磅（约 89.36 公斤）。女性也好不了多少——从 145 磅变成 170 磅（约 65.77 公斤变成 77.11 公斤）。而且你无需学术研究就能知道同样情况也发生在儿童身上。只要看看周围。
The weight gain has real-life consequences: the percentage of Americans diagnosed with type 2 diabetes—a condition that canlead to severe medical issues—has risen from 2% in 1977 to over 9% in 2015. Inhard numbers, that's five million people to over 30 million people.
体重增加有现实后果：美国人确诊二型糖尿病的百分比——这种疾病可致严重医疗问题——从 1977 年的 2% 上升至 2015 年的超过 9%。硬性数字是从五百万人到超过三千万人。
How did this happen?
这是怎么发生的？
It all started innocently enough in the1950s, when President Dwight Eisenhower had a heart attack while in office. Suddenly, the issue of heart health became a national obsession.
这一切不知不觉开始于 1950 年代，当时的在任总统德怀特·艾森豪威尔心脏病发作。
Keep in mind this was an era when scientists had harnessed the power of the atom, unlocked the secrets of DNA, and cured once incurable diseases like polio. Surely, there had to be a scientific solution to heart disease.
要记住在这个年代科学家已驾驭了原子的力量、揭开了 DNA 的秘密、并治愈了一度无法治愈的疾病如小儿麻痹症。当然，肯定有科学方案解决心脏病。
There was. And a charismatic medical researcher from the University of Minnesota named Ancel Keyes had it.
有。来自明尼苏达大学的一位魅力非凡的医学研究员安瑟尔·凯斯有解决方案。
Cholesterol, Keyes claimed, was the villain of the heart disease story.
胆固醇，凯斯宣称，是心脏病的罪魁祸首。
His now famous 'seven countries study' determined conclusively—in his mind, at least—that people who consumed high amounts of fat—specifically, saturated fat—had higher cholesterol levels and thus, higher rates of heart attacks.
他如今知名的「七国研究」无可置疑地指出——至少在他看来——摄入大量脂肪的人——具体是饱和脂肪——存在高胆固醇水平，因此存在更高的心脏病发病率。
Lower your fat intake, and you would lower heart disease risk.
降低你的脂肪摄入，就可能降低心脏病风险。
The ever-confident Keyes spread the gospel. As an influential member of the American Heart Association, he was in a very strong position to do so. There was only one problem: Keyes's study was bad science. The sample size was so small, the data collection integrity so shoddy, and the life-style variables between the countries he studied so great, that his research had no scientific validity. In other words, he asserted a conclusion he couldn't prove.
自信不疑的凯斯广传福音。作为美国心脏协会重要的一员，他有非常有利的地位这么做。只有一个问题：凯斯的研究是伪科学。样本量太小，数据收集完整性太劣质，他研究的国家之间的生活方式变量太大，以致他的研究毫无科学有效性。换言之，他断然下了无法证实的结论。
When other scientists questioned Keyes's conclusions, they were invariably met with stern responses like: 'people are dying while you're quibbling over data points.' And, 'there are great benefits and no risks' to adopting this new way of eating.
当其他科学家质疑凯斯的结论，他们总会得到严厉的回应：「人们在死去，而你却在计较数据点。」以及，采用这种新饮食方式「有万利而无一害」。
In 1973, the American Heart Association set the dietary limit on saturated fat at 10%, and in 1977, the US government followed suit. Where did the 10% value come from? It didn't come from any scientific data. It was merely a government committee's best guess.
1973 年，美国心脏协会将饱和脂肪的饮食限度设在 10%，1977 年，美国政府效仿跟进。这 10% 的值究竟从何而来？它不是来自任何科学数据。只不过是政府委员会的最佳猜测。
This was despite contrary evidence like the 1957 Western Electric Company employee study showing no difference in heart attacks in those who ate more or less saturated fat. A longer-term study of the same Western Electric subjects in 1981 reached the same conclusion. But again, no one wanted to hear it.
尽管有 1957 年西部电气公司雇员研究这样的相反证据，显示进食多或少饱和脂肪的人在心脏病风险上没有差异。1981 年对西部电气相同被试的一项更长期研究得出了一致结论。但再次，没有人想听。
To make this all easier to understand and to spread the message to schools, the food pyramid was created. That's the chart you first saw in third or fourth grade with all the supposedly good foods at the bottom—meaning, 'eat a lot of those,' and the bad foods at the top—'eatthose ones sparingly.'
为了令其更易于理解，更易向学校宣传，「食物金字塔」被造了出来。那是你三四年级第一次见到的图表，底层是全部所谓的好食物——意思是，「多吃这类食物」，坏食物在顶层——「少吃这类食物。」
What our kids are fed in school, what our military troops are fed on bases, what sick people are fed in hospitals; what crops we plant and how we raise our cattle, are all predicated on this deceptive nutritional concept.
我们的孩子在学校吃什么，我们的军队在基地吃什么，病人在医院吃什么；我们种植什么农作物，我们如何喂牛，全都建立在这个欺骗性的营养概念上。
As Americans ate less saturated fat—margarine instead of butter, processed oils like corn oil instead of olive oil, low fat milk, low fat yogurt and so on— they also started to eat more 'heart healthy' grains—exactly what the food pyramid, and the updated version called MyPlate, advise you to do.
随着美国人进食较少的饱和脂肪——人造黄油替代黄油，加工油如玉米油替代橄榄油，低脂牛奶，低脂酸奶等等等等——他们也开始吃更多「有益心脏」的谷物——正是食物金字塔与其升级版「我的餐盘」所建议你做的。
As the consumption of saturated fat decreased by almost 40%, the consumption of refined grains—carbohydrates that convert to sugar in the body—increased substantially. Total intake of calories also began to increase.
随着饱和脂肪的消费量降低了近 40%，精制谷物的消费量——在体内转化为糖的碳水化合物——大幅提高。总卡路里摄入量同样升高。
This happened, in no small part, because food companies took advantage of the low-fat craze. They lowered fat and increased sugar. Suddenly, supermarkets were full of supposedly healthy low fat, high sugar foods. It remains that way today. Foods that are high in sugar stimulate reward centers in the brain and leave us wanting more. Thus, the famous line about potato chips: 'Betcha can't eat just one!'
这一情况，在很大程度上，是因为食品公司利用了低脂肪热潮。他们减少了脂肪，增加了糖。突然间，超市里摆满了所谓健康的低脂高糖食物。至今仍然如此。高糖食物刺激大脑的奖励中心，让我们更加渴望。因此，关于薯片有条著名的台词：「肯定不能只吃一片！」
The end result is a fatter population with greater and greater health issues—like type 2 diabetes, a problem that's getting worse, not better.
最终结果是更肥胖的人口，存在越来越大的健康问题——如二型糖尿病，一个愈发严重的问题。
How do we get ourselves out of this spiral?
我们如何跳出这个螺旋？
There are many answers: for some, it's a low-carb, high fat diet; for others, it's a Mediterranean diet; for some, it's vegetarianism; for others, it might be something else.
答案不少：对于一些人，是低碳高脂饮食；对于其他人，是地中海饮食；对于一些人，是素食主义；对于其他人，也许是别的什么。
You need to find the best solution for you.
你需要找一个最适合自己的。
And that's really the point: we need to take responsibility for our own health.
真正的重点是：我们需要对自己的健康负责。
If the food pyramid has taught us one thing, it's this:
如果食物金字塔教会了我们一样东西，那就是这个：
Don't rely on the government to take care of you.
不要依赖政府照顾你。
I'm Dr.Bret Scher, cardiologist, for Prager University.
我是布莱特·谢尔医生，心脏病专家，为 PragerU 制作。
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