Unit 5 The power of nature
一、语言要点
I单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇
部分
词语
辨析
1.living / alive / live 2. force / power / strength
词形
变化
1. volcano n.火山
volcanic adj. 火山的
volcanology n.火山学
volcanologist n.火山学家
2. erupt v.爆发
eruption n.（火山，战争）爆发
3.absolute adj.绝对的，完全的
absolutely adv.绝对地
4. anxious adj.忧虑的
anxiety n.担心，焦虑
5.bathe v.洗澡，游泳
bath n.洗澡
6.comfort v.&n.安慰；使缓和
comfortable adj.舒适的
uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不舒适的
重点
单词
1. equipment n.装备,设备
2. appoint vt.约定; 任命, 委任
3. evaluate vt.评估，评价，估计
4. precious adj.贵重的，珍贵的
5. panic v.惊慌n.惊慌，恐慌
6. diverse adj.多种多样的，不同的
7. guarantee vt.保证，担保
重点
词组
compare……with与……比较 burn to the ground全部烧毁
make one’s way前往 spare no effort不遗余力，尽力
impress sb. with sth. 使某人铭记某事
重点句子
1. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
2. It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.
重点语法
动词形式ing作状语(见语法专题)
II 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1). living / alive / live adj.活的
【解释】
living可作定语又可作表语；可用于指人也可用于指物，指人时可表示“健在”此时指和”死”相对的活着。
alive 可作表语，后置定语或补语。多用于指人，往往指虽有死的可能，但目前还是活着的，强调“活着的”本身。
live主要用于指物，表示“活的、有生命的”，还可以表示“实况转播的”。一般只用作定语，放在名词前。
【练习】选择living / alive或live并用其适当的形式填空
1) A ______ language should be learned orally.
2) The old man is still _______.
3) It is a ______ fish.
4) He was caught ______and the others were killed.
5) This is a ______ TV program.
Keys: 1. living 2. alive 3. live s 4. alive 5. live
2). force / power / strength n.力，力量
【解释】
force指发挥出来的，侧重于外在的力，如大自然的力、势力，也指文章、论点的有力。
power侧重于能力、权利、动力、政治、法律力量；
strength指身体内部的体力
【练习】选择force / power 或strength，并用其适当的形式填空
1) He has lost the ______ of speech. 他丧失了语言能力。
2) For a small lady she has surprising ______. 她个子虽小但力大惊人。
3) The ______ of the volcano eruption caused much great damage to the small town.
Keys: 1) power 2) strength 3) force
III 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1. volcano n.火山
volcanic adj. 火山的
volcanology n.火山学
volcanologist n.火山学家
2. impress v.
impression n.
impressive adj.
3.absolute adj.绝对的，完全的
absolutely adv.绝对地
4. anxious adj.忧虑的
anxiety n.担心，焦虑
5.bathe v.洗澡，游泳
bath n.洗澡
6.courage n.勇气
encourage v.鼓舞，鼓励
encouragement n.鼓励，奖励
7.comfort v.&n.安慰；使缓和
comfortable adj.舒适的
uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不舒适的
【练习】根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1) __________ usually go to live _______ to take the temperature of the boiling rock inside.(volcano)
2) You look so tired. Hurry to go into the ________ and take a hot ________ to refresh yourself. (bath)
3) The young mother was so _______ about her baby that the thought filled her with ______. (anxious)
4) His _______ speech about the doctor who worked heart and soul for Tibetan people ________ us so much that it gave us a deep ________.(impress)
5) At first I didn’t have ________ to do well at school. Thanks to his _________, I’m getting pretty well now, so I phone to thank her for her _______ advice. (encourage)
6) In order to ______ herself, she bad a ________ massage and soon the _______ feeling disappeared.(comfortable)
keys:1) Volcanologists; volcanoes; 2) bathroom; bath 3) anxious; anxiety 4) impressive; impressed; impression 5) courage; encouragement; encouraging 6) comfort; comfortable; uncomfortable
IV 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. equipment n.[U]
[典例]
1) After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment was damaged.
实验室发生火灾后，许多设备都毁坏了.
2) A good sleeping bag is an essential part of every camper’s equipment.
一个完好的睡袋是每个露宿者必不可少的装备。
[重点用法]
equip sb./sth. with sth. 用…装备起来./使具备…
[练习] 汉译英
1)士兵们配备着最新式的武器。
_____________________________________________________________________________
2) 我们使孩子们受到良好的教育。
______________________________________________________________________________
3) 这位旅行家装备齐全。
______________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1)The soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons. 2) We equip our children with a good education. 3) The traveller was well equipped.
2. appoint vt.约定; 任命, 委任
[典例]
1) He was appointed mayor of the city. 他被任命为市长。
2) Please appoint a time for the meeting请你约定开会时间
[重点用法]
break an/ one's appointment 违约, 失约
have an appointment with sb. at要在某时间和某人有约会
keep an /one's appointment 守约
Make/ fix an appointment with sb. 与某人约会
by appointment 按照约定, 照章
hold an appointment 担任某职
3. evaluate vt.评估，评价，估计
[重点用法]
evaluation n. ［C] [U] 评估，评价，评估报告
evaluate one’s ability 评估某人的能力；
evaluate the value/quality of sth. 评估某物的价值/质量
[典例]
1) I cannot evaluate his ability without seeing his work.没见过他的工作，我无法评估他的能力。
2) They made an intensive evaluation of the health care program.他们对医疗保健计划进行了深入的评估.
[练习] 汉译英
1) 让我们评定一下此证据的价值。
_______________________________________________________________________________
2) 这个研究项目进行了不过三个月,所以要对它的成绩作出评价为时尚早。
_______________________________________________________________________________
3) 我努力为自己的人生做一个真实的评价.
_______________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1)Let's evaluate the evidence.
2) The research project has only been under way for three months, so it's too early to evaluate its success.
3) I attempted an honest evaluaation of my own life.
4. precious adj.贵重的，珍贵的
[重点用法]
preciously adv. 昂贵地；
preciousness n. 珍贵
同义词：expensive adj. 花费的, 昂贵的
[典例]
1) You should make good use of every precious minute to study.
你应很好利用宝贵的每一分钟去学习。
2) That old book is my most precious possession. 那本旧书是我最珍贵的财产。
3) My time is precious; I can only give you a few minutes. 我的时间很宝贵，我只能见你几分钟。
【链接高模】I’m sure this painting is not by Picasso. It’s only an unsuccessful fake (赝品) and it's ______.
A. priceless B. invaluable C. worthless D. precious
答案与分析：C。根据含义“这只是一个赝品，不值多少钱”，应选worthless不值钱。priceless无价格的，invaluable无法估价的，precious珍贵的。
[练习] 汉译英
1) 我没有碰你的那台宝贝电脑!
______________________________________________________________________________
2) 这个玩具娃娃对我小妹妹来说很珍贵。
______________________________________________________________________________
3) 在广州，清新的空气是宝贵的东西。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1) I didn’t touch your precious computer! 2)The doll is very precious to my little sister. 3)Fresh air is precious in Guangzhou.
5. panic (panicked; panicked) v.惊慌n.惊慌，恐慌
[重点用法]
in a panic感到惊慌;惊恐地
[典例]
1) The children panicked when the plans flied over the city.
当飞机飞过城市的上空,孩子们惊慌失措.
2) The thunder panicked the baby.雷声吓坏了婴儿
3) People in panic had nothing to do but wait for death.惊恐万分的人们只好坐以待毙.
[练习] 汉译英
1) 当意识到自己的钱包被偷了，这个农民感到很惊慌。
_______________________________________________________________________________
2) 当大地摇晃时，所有的人们都惊慌逃散。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1) The peasant panicked when he realized he had the wallet stolen. 2) All the people fled in a panic as the earth shook.
6. diverse adj.多种多样的，不同的
[典例]
1) Her interests are very diverse. 她的兴趣非常广泛。
2) They are the people from diverse cultures. 他们是些有着不同文化背景的人。
3) The program deals with subjects as diverse as pop music and Beijing Opera.
节目涉及从流行音乐到京剧这样形形色色的题材。
[重点用法]
diversity n. 差异, 多样性；
diversify v. 使多样化, 作多样性的投资
various adj. 不同的, 各种各样的, 多方面的, 多样的；
different adj. 不同的
[练习]用diverse, diversity, diversify填空（单词可重复使用，有的单词也可以不用）
1) There are _______ opinions about it.
2) Hill and woods ________ the landscape.
3) A factory must try to _________ for further development.
4) A great _______ of computers be made in Guangzhou.
Keys: 1) diverse 2) diversify 3) diversify 4) diversity
7. guarantee vt.保证，担保 n.保证, 保证书,保修
[重点用法]
guarantor 担保人；保证人
stand guarantee for ...替...担任保证人；
guarantee of sth./that ……的保证；
guarantee sth against sth. 许诺……反对……；
bank guarantee 银行担保；
offer one's house as a guarantee以房屋为担保品；
[典例]
1) Blue skies are not always a guarantee of fine weather. 蔚兰的天空并不永远保证晴朗的天气。
2) Many shopkeepers guarantee satisfaction to customers. 许多店主对顾客保证满意。
3) We cannot guarantee the punctual arrival of trains in fogy weather. 雾天我们不能保证火车准时到达。
[练习]根据汉语提示，补全英语句子。（每空一词）
1)This computer has a_____ _____(保修两年) .
2) South winds in winter are a _____ _____ _____(下雨的迹象) in these parts.
Keys: (1)two-year guarantee (2) guarantee of rain
V 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. compare……with 将……与……比较(强调将两者进行比较)
[短语归纳]
compare A to B将…比作…(强调比喻)
compared to/with与……相比较起来(在句中充当状语成分,用过去分词,介词可互换)
[典例]
1) Man's life is often compared to a candle. 人生常被喻为蜡烛。
2) I compared the copy with the original, but there was not much difference.
我比较了复印件和原件，但是差别不是很大。
3) Compared with/to boys, girls are more quiet and shy.相比男孩,女孩子要更文静害羞些.
【链接高考】_______ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared
答案与分析：D。句意：“当和整个地球的面积比起来，最大的大洋根本就不大了。”the biggest ocean是句子的主语，与动词compare是动宾关系，因此要用过去分词。
[练习] 汉译英
1) 在许多方面城市生活比不上在乡村生活。
________________________________________________________________________________
2) 诗人在他诗歌中把他的情人比作玫瑰花。
_______________________________________________________________________________
3) 与旧时相比,我们这个社会更加文明了.
_______________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1)Living in a town can't compare with living in the country in many respects. 2)The poet compares his lover to a rose in his poems. 3)Compared with the ancient days, our society becomes more civilized.
2. burn to the ground全部烧毁
[短语归纳]
burn up（因热度过高）烧坏；烧毁；燃得更旺
burn away继续燃烧；
burn down 全部焚毁; 火势减弱；
burn itself out烧尽; 烧完；
burn oneself out耗尽精力, 精疲力竭；
burn one's face in the sun 晒黑了脸；
burn one's money把钱挥霍掉
[典例]
1) Everybody is burning to know the good news. 大家都急于想知道这则好消息。
2) Don't leave the gas on you might burn the house down. 别忘了关煤气炉--不然会把房子烧掉的。
3) The house burnt down in half an hour. 那所房子在半小时之内就被焚为平地。
[练习]根据汉语提示，补全英语句子。
1) Without the control of his parents, the gambler _____________(将钱挥霍一空)in a week.
2) The fire was _____ _____(烧得更旺了) cheerfully in the grate.
3) Rumor has it that the factory ______________ (被大火夷为平地了).
Keys: 1) burnt his money 2) burning up 3) has been burnt to the ground
3. make one’s way前往;非常艰难地行进；有出息
[短语归纳]
by the way 顺便说说；
by way of 途经；
go out of one's way 尽力；
mend one's ways 改邪归正；
out of the way反常的；
[典例]
1) If you want to make your way in the world, you must learn to work hard while you are still young.
你如果想有出息，年轻的时候就要学会勤奋。
2) Will you be able to make your way to Taiwan?你能自己去台湾吗？
3) She hesitated, but made her way forward. 她犹豫了一下，还是向前走去。
4) The Red Army made their way from the south of China to the northwest, which is called the Long March. 中国工农红军从中国南方艰难地走到西北，这就叫做长征。
[练习]根据汉语提示，补全英语句子。（每空一词）
1)我们沿着山涧小路朝山顶走时，迷路了.
We lost our way when we _____ _____ _____ along the path to the top of the mountain.
2) 他穿过人群向我们打招呼。
He _____ _____ _____ through the crowd to greet us.
Keys: 1) made our way 2) made his way
4. impress sb. with sth. 使某人铭记某事
[短语归纳]
be impressed by为……所感动；对……有印象
make an impression on sb. that 给某人留下……印象
[典例]
1) The song impresses me with the old days in college.这首歌使我记起了大学里以往的日子。
2) All the tourists are impressed by the amazing sunset.所有的游客都被美妙的日落景象迷住了。
3) His talking and appearance made an impression on us that he had ever received a good education.他的言行举止让我们感觉到他曾经受过很好的教育。
[练习] 汉译英
1)我父亲让我铭记艰苦劳动的价值。
______________________________________________________________________________
2)我们为英雄的事迹深深地感动着.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3)老师的第一节课让我们觉得他是一个很有幽默感的人.
_______________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1) My father impressed me with the value of hard work. 2) We are deeply impressed by the hero’s deeds. 3)The teacher’s first lecture gave us an impression that he was a person full of humor sense.
VI 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
我刚要回去再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。
[解释]be (just) about to do…when…“正要做……这时(突然)……
[典例]
1) I was just about to go out when the phone rang.我刚要出去这时电话响了。
2) I was just about to leave when he came.我刚要离开，他就来了。
[练习] 汉译英
1）他正要去见老板解释发生的事情，这时老板出现在门口。
_______________________________________________________________________________
2）他刚要按下按钮，这时四个时髦女孩赶上了电梯。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1)He was about to see the boss and explain what had happened when the boss appeared at the door.
2) He was about to press the button when four modern girls reached the lift.
2. It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.
[解释] It is said that…据说…… 相类似的句型结构: It is proved/ announced/ believed/ expected/stated/ thought /reported that….
[典例]
1) It is said that China is going to launch another spaceship this year.
据说中国会在今年发射令一个宇宙飞船.
2) It has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later
life.孩童时多吃蔬菜有助于保护你以后免受疾病的困扰已经得到证实。
[练习] 汉译英
1）人们认为乡下的空气要比城里更清新。
______________________________________________________________________________
2）人们期望《赤壁》下集更受广大观众的欢迎。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1) It is thought that the air in countryside is clearer than that in the city. 2) It is expected that the film chibi(II) can be more popular with a large audience.
二、课文要点
1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
My job is to travel to unusual places and meet interesting people from all over the world. I use 1 (science) instruments in my work and meet with local people and tourists, and I am never 2 （ bore） .As a 3 (火山学家), I collect information about Mount Kilauea. My job is 4 (occasion) dangerous; I don’t mind because danger 5 (interest) me and makes me feel alive. As is known, when lava from the volcano flows, many houses will be covered with lava or 6 burnt to the ground. All the lava 7 (pass) slowly down the mountain causes more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock. I once experienced an 8 (火山爆发) . When it broke out, red lava was _9___ (喷)hundreds of metres into the air, and it was an _____10______(absolute) fantastic sight.
答案：1.scientific 2.bored 3.vocanolist 4.occasionally 5. interests
6.be 7.passing 8.eruption 9.fountained 10.absolutely
2课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。
在文章里，作者，一个为基拉韦厄火山数据库收集信息的火山科学家，谈到他自己的经历，特别是第一次看到火山喷发情景和他对火山的热情。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：In this passage, the author, a volcanologist whose job is collecting information for a database on Mount Kilauea, talked about his own experiences, especially the first sight of an eruption and his enthusiasm.
3课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）
1.【原句】Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I am never bored.有时在室外工作，有时在办公室里，有时工作中要用科学仪器，有时要会见当地的老百姓和旅游人士，我从来不感到厌烦。
[模仿要点] 句子结构：sometimes doing1, sometimes doing2, sometimes doing3, + 主句
【模仿1】有时学唱英文歌曲，有时讨论两国文化之间的差异，有时享受英语话剧，我觉得英语角活动非常有趣。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：Sometimes learning to sing English songs, sometimes discussing the difference between the two cultures and sometimes enjoying English dramas, I found the activities in the English corner much fun.
【模仿2】有时阅读新闻，有时与他人聊天，有时看最新的电影，我把上网作为我最好消磨时间的方式.
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：Sometimes reading news, sometimes chatting with others, and sometimes enjoying the latest films, I make Internet my best time consumer..
2. 【原句】I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.我刚要再睡时，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。
[模仿要点] 句子结构： be about to do … when…
【模仿1】经过多次徒劳的尝试后我正要放弃时，我的老师来给予我帮助。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：I was about to give up after several attempts in vain when my teacher came to my help.
【模仿2】我们正准备出门时，突然下雨为重的
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：We were about to go out when suddenly it rained heavily.
3. 【原句】I ran out of the house into the back garden where I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance.我赶紧跑出房间，来到后花园，在那儿我能远远地看见经基拉韦厄火山。
[模仿要点] 句子结构：where 引导定语从句
【模仿1】我回到了我度过幸福的童年的故乡，。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：I went back to my hometown where I spent my happy childhood.
【模仿2】放学后，所有的学生去了有很多体育器材运动场以放松自己。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：After school, all the students went to the playground where there is much sports equipment to relax themselves.
4. 【原句】The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them.另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
[模仿要点] 句子结构： this being my first experience 作独立主格
【模仿1】两名学生在我面前表现完美，但是由于这是我第一次站在全班同学面前，我颤抖不安。
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答案： Two students before me performed perfectly, but this being my first time to stand before the whole class, I was trembling and shaking.
【模仿2】其他学生都紧张，但由于这是我第二次，我很轻松，自信。
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答案： Other students were all nervous , but this being my second time, I was quite relaxed and confident.
