一、主谓一致 主谓一致是历年高考试题中的测试重点之一。一般与其它知识综合起来考察。近几年语境综合化程度越来越高。分数、百分数、不定式、动名词、定语从句等场合下的主谓一致问题仍将会是今后高考命题的热点。 高考重点要求: 复习时需注意的要点 2、一些名词如news, maths, physics等虽然有词尾“s”但意义上是单数,谓语动词要用单数。 3、由数词+表示重量、里程、时间、金钱等名词所构成的复数名词主语,是当作一个整体看待的,后面用单数动词。 4、主语后面跟有介词with或together with 引导的短语时,谓语动词一般与前面的主语的人称和数一致。 5、主语前有every或each修饰时,无论有几个主语,谓语动词用单数。 【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案 1、He is the only one of the students who _______a winner of scholarship for three years. 2、Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ____ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. 3、Not only ______interested in football but ______beginning to show an interest in it. 4、——“Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _____ to go to university.” 5、E-mail, as well as telephone, ______ an important part in daily communication. 6、Books of this kind ______ well. 7、Every possible means ______ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 8、When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ______ yet. 9、The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them _____ absent for different reasons. 10、______ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass.
1.D【解析】 这是一个定语从句。在one前是否有定冠词决定定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式:one of the students中的先行词是the students,定语从句中的谓语动词要用复数形式。the only one of the students中的先行词是the only one,定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。又因“for three years”是完成时的标志。 2.C【解析】Professor Smith决定谓语动词的数;his assistants和谓语动词的数无关。 3.D【解析】not only …but (also )连结两个句子,用部分倒装。 4.B【解析】“each of +名词复数”谓语用单数。 5.A【解析】本题考察主谓一致,当主语后面跟有as well as短语时,其后的谓语动词不受as well as之后的名词影响,仍然和主语在人称和数上保持一致。 6.A【解析】“kind(s) of + 名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数依kind 单复数而定:“复数名词 + of this/that kind ”作主语时,谓语动词的数依of 前面的名词而定。本题中sell 用作不及物动词表示“销售”。 7.C【解析】 mean单数复数一个形式。在本题中代表单数。 8.D【解析】不定式作主语,谓语动词用单数。 9.C【解析】“the number of” 表示“……的数量”,谓语用单数:“a number of”表示“许多”,谓语用复数。 10.C【解析】考察数词和主谓一致。分数词在句中作主语时,谓语动词必须跟分数词所修饰的名词保持数的一致。 二、虚拟语气考点透析 考点1:虚拟语气的基本用法 例如: A.couldn't B.shouldn't C.can't D.might not 【解析】句意为:如果不是因为她不会唱歌的事实,我会邀请她来参加那次聚会的。that从句为同位语从句,描述的是事实,用陈述语气。正确答案为C. 2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,基本结构为:主语+动词的过去完成时+其他成分+if+should/would/could……+have done+其他成分。 例如: 【解析】句意为:如果天气好的话,我们是能够去野餐的,但是下了一天的雨。句子前半部分陈述的是与过去事实相反的事情,所以用了虚拟语气。“下了一天的雨”是事实,所以用陈述语气。因为是发生在过去的事实,所以正确答案为A. 3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,基本结构为:主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could……+动词原形+其他成分。 例如: 【解析】句意为:如果我能够计划做我想做的事情,我想去西藏并且尽可能多玩一些地方。句子描述的是与将来事实相反的事情,所以正确答案为B. 考点2:含蓄虚拟条件句 Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don't think we ______ it without you. 【解析】由语境可知这里要表达的意思是:如果没有你们辛勤的工作,我们不可能处理好这件事。很显然,这是对过去发生的事实的虚拟,所以要用could have done,故应选B. 考点3:主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句 例如: 【解析】句意为:如果不是我在七岁时爱上家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆的话,很难想象今天的我会是什么样子。主句描述的是与现在事实相反的事情,从句描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。正确答案为B. 考点4:名词性从句中的虚拟语气 例如: A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that C.should not be sent;what D.should not send;what 三、情态动词考点透析 考点1:情态动词基本含义的考查 解析:考查情态动词的基本含义。had to:不得不; would:表示意愿或过去常常;could倾向于表示经过长期训练而获得的能力;was able to 表示经过努力而能够做到的事或成功地做了某事。因此,答案是C. 考点2:情态动词表示推测的考查 解析:might have done : (过去)可能做过某事;shouldhave done :本应该做某事。根据本句提供的情境I'm late 表明说话人可能把闹钟关上了。答案是:A. 考点3:情态动词表示虚拟的考查 1. There was a lot of fun at yesterday's party. You______come, but why didn't you? 解析:ought to have done 表示本来应该做某事而实际没做,should do 表示现在应该做某事,与题中 at yesterday's party 表示的时间不一致。所以选D. 分析:高考对情态动词表示虚拟'用法,表示与过去事实相反的情况。近几年高考,主要侧重should (not)have done 这一句式上,表示本来不该做却做了或本来该做却未做的事,在复习时,还应关注其它几种虚拟形式,如need (not)have done 表示本来需要做而未做或本来不需要而做的事等等,以做到有备无患。 考点4:情态动词与助动词混合考查 解析:had to:不得不;didn't:没来;was going to:打算来;wouldn't:不愿来。句意:——汤姆,昨晚你没来参加舞会吗?——我本打算来,但我突然记起有作业要做。But是关键词,所以答案是:C. 【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案 1. “I still haven't thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “It's time you _____.” 2. If I hadn't been lucky enough to meet you. I really _____ what I would have done. 3. “I've told everyone about it.” “Oh, I'd rather you _____.” 4. It has been raining for a day, but eventhough it hadn't rained, we _____ there by tomorrow. 5. “Do you know his address?” “No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.” 6. “Isn't it about time you _____ to do morning exercises?” “Yes, it is. Would you like to join us?” 7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. 8. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal. 9. If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. 10. Without the air to hold some of the sun'sheat, the earth at night ____ for us to live. A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
1. 【解析】选B.It's time you did 为 It's time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法,it's time 后从句通常要用过去式。 2. 【解析】选A.虽然前有虚拟条件句, 后有使用了虚拟语气的宾语,但 I don't know 却宜用一般现在时,因为 I don't know 表述的是现在的真实情况,句意为“我要不是有幸遇到你,我真不知(指现在不知)我会做出什么蠢事来”。 3. 【解析】选B.I'd rather 后接从句时,从句谓语的时态规律是:用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示过去。 4. 【解析】选A.we can't get there by tomorrow 为客观事实,故宜用陈述语气。 5. 【解析】选B.第一空填 knew,因为 I wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(即用过去式表示现在的想法);第二空要填lives,即用陈述语气,因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实,而不是 I wish 的内容。 6. 【解析】选C.It's time… / It's high time… / It's about time… 等后接从句时,从句谓语通常用过去式。 7. 【解析】选 B.此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句,主句与现在事实相反,条件句与过去事实相反。句意为:要不是在七岁时就迷上了 Melinda Cox 图书馆,我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。 8. 【解析】8. 选 D.这是otherwise 引出的含蓄虚拟语气,再根据前面的 hesitated 可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,由此可推知答案选 D. 9. 【解析】选 C.if only意为“要是……就好了”,其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气,同时根据 as the doctor instructed 中的过去时态可知从句是与过去事实相反,故选 C. 10. 【解析】选 A.without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。【答案】C
考点1:在具体的语境中辨析形容词与副词的语义 经过统计,常见常考的形容词和副词有(按频度排列):even; interested; interesting; yet; hardly; just; therefore; though; too; very; common; effective; either; ever; fair; however; less; more; nearly; only; purposefully; rather; still; such; surprised; surprising 还有以下形容词和副词应当熟悉和掌握: a good many; a number of; acceptable; accidentally; actively; adequately; already; another; anxious; anyway; ashamed; attentively; bad; badly; besides; better; but; careful; changeable; cheap; comfortable; convenient; eagerly; easy; encouraging; enha-ncing; equal; even though; eventually; fairly; far; fewer; following; formally; friendly; gen-erously; gradually; heavily; historic; hopefully; immediately; inaccessible; individual; inevit-able; initial; instead; invisible; largely; never; next; no; normal; nowadays; obviously; ordin-ary; other; otherwise; patient; plenty of; prac-tical; promoting; proper; quickly; readily; reasonable; remote; seldom; seriously; short; so; stimulating; traditional; unavailable; unav-oidable; 考点2:考查形容词、副词的比较级、最高级及前面的修饰语 ② as + 原级adj. + a(n) + n. + as表示“跟……一样”。例如: ③ 比较级 + than表“比……更”及less …… than表示“不如……”。例如: ④ the + 比较级, the + 比较级表示“越……,就越……”。例如: ⑤ the +比较级+ of the + 名词 / 代词表示两者中“较……的”。例如: ⑥比较级 + 比较级(越来越……)。___ 例如: ⑦用the last表示“最不可能的”、“最不适合的”、“最不希望的”等。例如: The last thing I want to do is to offend you.我最不愿意做的就是惹你生气。 2) 形容词、副词原级、比较级、最高级前的程度状语 ② 比较级前常可用still, even, much, far, a lot / little / few / bit, rather, any, a great deal, so far, by far, no等词修饰。(注意more不用于修饰比较级)。 ③ 最高级可用序数词、much、 by far、 nearly、 almost等词修饰。 考点3:形容词作表语,形容词、副词作后置定语 表示感觉的系动词:sound, look, taste, appear, smell, feel, seem等 2)形容词、副词作后置定语 考点4:倍数表达法 2)倍数 + the size / length / width / depth / height of ……。例如: 3)倍数 + 比较级 + than + 被比较对象。例如: 考点5:多个形容词作定语时的排序问题及语序不同意义不同的词组 常用的顺序为: 例如: 其中限定词的排列顺序为: 尽管以上给出了排序的基本规律,但由于所涉及的词太多,想要记清楚确实有难度。下面给出四句口诀辅助记忆: 所有这些词, 顺序往后数; 上面口诀中前两句主要用于解决排在最前边的多个限定词之间的顺序。它可以应用于all (所有) these (这些) last (顺序) few (数量) days短语中。这个短语基本上可以体现多个限定词之间的先后顺序。口诀后两句可对应一句话“This is a charming small round old yellow French wood reading room.”其中多个形容词之间的先后顺序基本上可以在这一句中得以体现,而且汉语歌诀的形式将使记忆更形象、更深刻。利用以上歌诀时最好是“抓两头”,即牢记排在最前边的限定词及排在最后边的形容词,如产地、材料、用途等,则能轻松突破此难点。 考点6:考查形容词与副词区别, 易混词带有-ly的形容词、副词及复合形容词 most十分、非常 / 最多(大)的 close靠近地 late迟的,迟到的 direct直接(主要用于谈论路程和时间,和straight意思相同) 2)注意合成形容词本质上是一个形容词,其合成部份中的名词不能变为复数形式。 3)“名词+ ly”构成的是形容词,而不是副词。 4)有些词既可以作形容词也可以作副词。 【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案 1. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _____ voice. 2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _____ known for his plays. 3. The plane flew smoothly ______ in the sky and people spoke ______ of the experienced pilot. 4. —— What do you think of the concert?—— Oh, it was______success. 5. I haven‘t seen______ this since I collected stamps. 6.The task is too much for me, so I can‘t carry on ______any longer. I must get some help. 7. Have your working conditions improved? 8. To their great relief,the missing child returned home, ______, after an absence of two weeks. 9. We must keep our room clean, for dirt and disease go______, you know. 10. How are you getting on with your classates? 答案与解析 1. A【解析】容易误选D,认为最高级前要用定冠词。其实此题最佳答案为A,该句可视为…I have never heard a better voice than her voice 之省略,全句句意为“她唱得多好啊!我从未听过她这么好的声音”。 2. C【解析】此题首先不宜选B或D,因为 well known 的比较级和最高级通常是 better known和best known,有时也可以是 more well known 和 most well known,但通常不能是 more known 和 most known.至于是选A还是C,这就要看语境。由于句中涉及的只有 stories 和 plays 两个对象,故应选比较级。 3. C【解析】 high in the sky 是个形容词短语,意为“高高地在天上”。同时,speak highly of 是个词组,表示“高度赞扬”的意思。 4. B【解析】 quite a , quite some用以指人或物不寻常,如We had quite a party.(我们的聚会不一般。)It must be quite some car.(那辆车可不比寻常。) 5. A【解析】表示“象这么旧的邮票”可用以 下形式表达:as old a stamp as this; a stamp as old as this; 否定句中前一个as可用so. 6. C【解析】句意:这项任务对我来说太重了,我再也不能单独自己做了,我必须找个助手。Singly各自的,一个一个地;simply简单的,仅仅,只不过;alone独立,单独;lonely孤独的,寂寞的。 7. A【解析】你们的工作条件改善了吗?——没有,和以前一样(不好)。no+比较级+ than 表示“两者同样不……的意思”。 8. D【解析】句意:使他们宽慰的是,丢失的孩子两周后又重返家园,虽然很疲惫但很健康。形容词作状语表示伴随或结果,不表示动作的方式。 9. A【解析】句意:我们必须保持室内卫生,你知道脏乱与疾病是分不开的。hand in hand——happenning together and closely connected密切相关的,同时发生的。本句还可说成:Dirt goes hand in hand with disease. 10. A【解析】句意:——你和你们班的同学相处的如何?——好多了,我和他们都认识了。答语为省略句,补全后应为:I‘m getting on far better with my classmates. 高考对冠词的考查几乎每年都有一道题,而且都设两空,以增加覆盖面和难度。考生在冠词试题上失分较多,主要是缺乏语感,对一些知识点掌握不够透彻。高考冠词主要考查其基本用法,包括定冠词与不定冠词的区别用法、名词前省略冠词的场合、特指与泛指的区分以及习语中冠词的用法等。 考点一、考查不定冠词a / an表示个别或泛指的用法 2. Christmas is_____special holiday when_____whole family are supposed to get together. 考点二、考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法 2. I like_____color of your skirt. It is good match for your blouse. 考点三、 考查不定冠词及零冠词的习惯搭配 1. Many people have come to realize that they should go on_____balanced diet and makeroom in their day for exercise. 考点四、考查不定冠词在具体化的抽象名词前的用法 连词按其性质,分为并列连词和从属连词,考点分布在单项选择完形填空和短文改错中。《英语教学大纲》和《考试大纲》语法项目表中对连词的考查是这样描述的:掌握词汇表中所列连词的用法?即要求考生分析句子成分,把握语境和逻辑关系,恰当选择合适连词,使句意通顺,逻辑清楚。连接代词或连接副词用于名词性从句,统称连接词。 考点1;特殊并列连词while/when 例2.I'd like to study law at university _______ my cousin prefers geography. 考点2:表示原因的连词for/because/as/since 例4.Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, ______ this was a memory she especially treasured. 例5.Parents should take seriously their children's requests for sunglasses ________ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather. 例6._____ everybody knows about it, I don't want to talk any more. 【解析】B、C引导原因连词,as/because/ since/ for的区别是:because语势最强,用来说明人所未知的原因,回答why提出的问题,可置于强调句中且其前可加修饰语; since是双方都知晓原因或经过分析而得之的原因,语气次之;for是并列连词,前用逗号隔开,表逻辑推理或补充说明;as语气最弱,原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,即已知原因,所引导的分句可置于句首。 考点3;并列连词but/yet/though 【解析】C but和yet 是连词,可等同使用,但也有区别。yet与and连用,构成and yet,但but却无此用法;在“Excuse me/I'm sorry/I hope you don't mind…but”中,只用but,不用yet。因为在表示对照或对立时,but较为轻松自然;而yet却较为强烈,常出人意料;though作并列连词时,只能引导分句且其前须加逗号?例:I'll try to come, though I don't think I shall manage it. 考点4:引导名词性从句的从属连词that/whether/if 例9.We haven't settled the question of _____ it is necessary for him to study abroad. [解析]引导名词性从句的从属连词that与whether的区别是:句子成分完整且表意确定时选用that连接,句意不确定时选用whether/if连接;借助it,将真正主语或宾语后置,构成“It…that”句型,但whether/if不可;下列情形用whether不用if:与or not 连用,中间无其他词隔开;作介词宾语;在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中 考点5:表示比较的从属连词what/as 例11._____ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. 例12.What a table! I've never seen such a thing before. It is ________ it is long. 【解析】what用作从属连词,表比较,用于A is to B what C is to D结构中;而as表示原级比较,常用于as...as结构中,程度修饰语应置于第一个as之前,嵌入的形容词或副词使用原级?另外as还表“正如?按照”,引导方式连词。 考点6:表示条件的从属连词if /unless/as long as/once 例14.Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ____ they are not managed carefully. 例15.You will be successful in the interview ____ you have confidence. (2007年高考福建卷) 例16.I won't call you, _____ something unexpected happens.(2007年考全国卷) 【解析】表条件的连词if/unless/as long as/unless在用法上存在一些差异。as long as用法同only if/on condition that,强调某事的发生以另一事件的发生为前提;if为正面条件,可能会产生好的或坏的结果,若某种条件产生坏的结果,此时的if可用as long as替换; unless为反面条件,表示除非,如果不,故在真实条件句中常和if…not换用;once既表时间,又包含条件,译作一旦。 考点7:表示让步的从属连词although/when/while 例18.______I really don't like art, I find his work impressive. (2007年高考山东卷) 【解析】although/when/while均可表示让步,后两者的用法较为特殊。although/though引导让步连词时不与but和yet连用;而while却表示“部分接受,但并非全部”,或用于“强调两种情况?活动等之间的差距”;when也可表示虽然,尽管,同even if,常置于句末。 代词在近几年高考试题中的复现率为100%,每年至少测试一道题。测试代词常用对话形式,构成特定语境,考查考生灵活运用代词的能力。代词指代的范围、作主语时主谓一致的用法、易混不定代词的细微差别都是高考的必考点。其中不定代词one,the one,ones与that,those,it的用法区别。 考点1:考查one(s), that, those, it的用法 考点2: 考查all, both, either, neither, none, no one的用法 ● both表示“两个人或物都”,具有肯定含义; either表示“两者中的任何一个”;either表示“两者都不” 考点3:考查another, the other, others, the others的用法 考点四4:考查(a) little, (a) few, some, any的用法 考点5: 考查something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, everything, everybody的用法及它们与else的搭配 ● 由some和any构成的不定代词的用法和some和any的用法基本一致
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