与停止治疗组相比,继续治疗组的5年DFS率提高7.5%(84.4% vs 91.9%),早期复发风险降低45%(HR 0.548,P=0.0004,图3)。
与停止治疗组相比,继续治疗组的5年DDFS率提高2.9%(94.3% vs 97.2%),远处复发风险降低49%(HR 0.514,P=0.0077,图4)。
继续治疗组与停止治疗组的5年总生存率没有显著差异(99.5% vs 99.6%,HR 1.389,P=0.665)。从当前结果来看,延长AI治疗未获得明显的OS获益,这可能与随访时间较短有关。
图3 AERAS研究中患者的无病生存情况图4 AERAS研究中患者的无远处转移生存情况此外,继续治疗组的局部复发率(1.8% vs 3.8%)、远处复发率(2.7% vs 5.6%)、第二原发肿瘤发生率(1.5% vs 4.3%)显著低于停止治疗组[11]。在预定义的不良事件方面,继续治疗组患者的骨相关不良事件发生情况较停止治疗组更为频繁,包括骨痛(19.2% vs 11.7%)、关节僵硬(11.7% vs 4.9%)、骨折(2.8% vs 1.1%)和新发骨质疏松症(33% vs 28%)的发生率较高。≥3级不良事件不常见[11]。总体而言,对于绝经后激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者,“5年阿那曲唑初始治疗 5年阿那曲唑延长治疗”是安全且有益的。 AERAS研究亮点 在诸多评估绝经后激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者延长AI内分泌治疗的研究中,起始治疗方案、延长治疗时间等基线情况和研究设计存在明显差异,研究结果也参差不齐。
[1]Pan H, Gray R, Braybrooke J, et al. 20-Year Risks of Breast-Cancer Recurrence after Stopping Endocrine Therapy at 5 Years[J]. N Engl J Med. 2017 Nov 9;377(19):1836-1846.
[2]Davies C, Pan H, Godwin J, et al. Long-term effects of continuing adjuvant tamoxifen to 10 years versus stopping at 5 years after diagnosis of oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: ATLAS, a randomised trial[J]. Lancet. 2013 Mar 9;381(9869):805-16.[3]Azim HA, Saadeldeen A. Commentary on 'aTTom': long-term effects of continuing adjuvant Tamoxifen to 10 years[J].Chin Clin Oncol. 2014 Mar;3(1):7.[4]Jin H, Tu D, Zhao N, et al. Longer-term outcomes of letrozole versus placebo after 5 years of tamoxifen in the NCIC CTG MA.17 trial: analyses adjusting for treatment crossover[J]. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Mar 1;30(7):718-21.[5]Mamounas EP, Jeong JH, Wickerham DL, et al. Benefit from exemestane as extended adjuvant therapy after 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen: intention-to-treat analysis of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast And Bowel Project B-33 trial[J]. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Apr 20;26(12):1965-71.[6]Jakesz R, Greil R, Gnant M, et al. Extended adjuvant therapy with anastrozole among postmenopausal breast cancer patients: results from the randomized Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group Trial 6a[J]. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007 Dec 19;99(24):1845-53.[7]Goss PE, Ingle JN, Pritchard KI, et al. Extending Aromatase-Inhibitor Adjuvant Therapy to 10 Years[J]. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jul 21;375(3):209-19.[8]Mamounas EP, Bandos H, Lembersky BC, et al. Use of letrozole after aromatase inhibitor-based therapy in postmenopausal breast cancer (NRG Oncology/NSABP B-42): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial[J]. Lancet Oncol. 2019 Jan;20(1):88-99.[9]Richman J, Dowsett M. Beyond 5 Years: Enduring Risk of Recurrence in Oestrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer[J]. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2019;16 (5):296-311.[10]https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/sabcs/76814[11]https://www.ascopost.com/issues/march-10-2019/more-data-show-small-benefit-from-extended-endocrine-therapy[12]Jhaveri KL. Balancing the risks and benefits of extended adjuvant endocrine therapy[J]. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2019 Feb;17(2):105-108*仅供医疗专业人士参考