2.谓语
由动词担任。动词分为实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词四种。例如：
We read English every morning.
我们每天早晨读英语。(实义动词)
His brother is a doctor.
他哥哥是医生。(系动词)
Mr Smith became angry.
史密斯先生生气了。(系动词)
They can play football．他们能踢球。(情态动词+实义动词构成复合谓语)
The girl didn't do her work yesterday.这个女孩昨天没写作业。(助动词+实义动词构成复合谓语)
3.宾语
通常由名词和代词担任。此外，数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)、宾语从句也可以用作宾语。例如：
Have you finished the exercise?
你做完练习了吗?(名词作宾语)
Lei Feng always thought of others.
雷锋总是想着别人。(代词作介词宾语)
She tore the cloth in three.她把布撕成三块(名词作动词的宾语；数词作介词的宾语)
She doesn't allow smoking in her house.
她不允许在她的房子里抽烟。(动名词作宾语)
You should continue to learn as long as you live.要活到老学到老。(不定式作宾语)
I don't know when he will come. 我不知道他什么时候来。(宾语从句作宾语)
有些动词可以有两个宾语：直接宾语(Direct Object)与间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语通常出现在间接宾语之后。间接宾语一般是代表人的，直接宾语一般是代表事物的。例如：
He gave the little girl a toy.=He gave a toy to the little girl.他给了这个小女孩一个玩具。
I bought Mary a new book． =I bought a new book for Mary. 我给玛丽买了一本书。
4.表语
表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性和特征。表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing形式、从句来充当。例如：
Our country is strong and rich.
我们的国家国富民强。(形容词作表语)
My wish is to be a scientist.
我的愿望是当一名科学家。(不定式作表语)
My bag is on my desk．我的书包在我的书桌上。(介词短语作表语)
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