Shock rise in global measles outbreaks 'disastrous' for children, UN warns
联合国警告说，全球麻疹爆发数量增加，会对儿童带来“灾难性的”影响
Unicef calls for improved vaccination as study shows Ukraine, Brazil and the Philippines among 10 worst affected countries
联合国儿童基金会呼吁改进疫苗，研究表明乌克兰、巴西和菲律宾是10个受影响最严重的国家之一
By Peter Beaumont / Fri 1 Mar 2019
A child suffering from measles is treated at a government hospital in Manila, the capital of the Philippines, where 12,736 measles cases and 203 deaths have been recorded so far this year.
一名患麻疹的儿童在菲律宾首都马尼拉的一家政府医院接受治疗，到目前为止，该医院记录了12736起麻疹病例和203人死亡。
Cases of childhood measles are surging to shocking levels around the globe, led by 10 countries that account for three-quarters of the rise.
全球儿童麻疹病例激增至令人震惊的水平，10个国家的麻疹发病率上升了四分之三。
Measles：麻疹
Amid warnings of “disastrous consequences” for children if the disease continues to spread unchecked, a worldwide survey by the UN children’s agency, Unicef, said 98 countries around the globe reported a rise in measles cases in 2018 compared with 2017.
联合国儿童基金会（unicef）的一项全球调查显示，如果这种疾病继续肆无忌惮地传播，将会给儿童带来“灾难性后果”，2018年全球有98个国家报告麻疹病例比2017年有了增加。
That total includes a number of countries that had previously eradicated the disease.
这个总数包括一些以前根除该疾病的国家。
eradicated：根除
The increases were noted not only in countries affected by serious conflict, where access to vaccination has been disrupted but also in states that have experienced an increase in “vaccine hesitancy” because of misinformation spread by anti-vaccination advocates.
病例的增加不仅出现在有严重战乱冲突影响的国家，在哪里疫苗接种渠道受到干扰，也出现在因反疫苗接种倡导者传播的错误信息而产生“疫苗怀疑”的国家，这种情况也有所增加。
Highly contagious, measles spreads more easily than Ebola, tuberculosis or influenza, infecting the respiratory tract. It is potentially fatal to malnourished children and babies too young to be vaccinated.
麻疹具有高度传染性，比埃博拉病毒、肺结核或流感更容易传播，会感染呼吸道。它对营养不良的儿童和年龄太小无法接种疫苗的婴儿有潜在的致命性。
contagious：有传染性的
respiratory tract：呼吸道
malnourished：营养不良的
In addition, once infected, there is no specific treatment for measles, making vaccination a life-saving tool.
此外，一旦感染，就没有针对麻疹的特殊治疗，这就使疫苗接种成为挽救生命的工具。
Among the 10 countries worst affected, Ukraine, the Philippines and Brazil experienced the greatest increases in measles cases. Last year, Ukraine recorded 35,120 cases of measles; the disease has claimed 30 lives in the country since 2017. Western Ukraine, where attitudes to vaccination have led to low rates of immunization and vaccines are in short supply, was worst hit.
在受影响最严重的10个国家中，乌克兰、菲律宾和巴西的麻疹病例增长最快。去年，乌克兰记录了35120例麻疹病例；自2017年以来，该病已在该国夺去30人的生命。在乌克兰西部，对疫苗接种的态度导致免疫接种率低、疫苗供应不足，使其遭受了最严重的打击。
According to the government, a further 24,042 people have been infected in the first two months of 2019 alone.
据政府称，仅在2019年前两个月，就有24042人感染。
In the Philippines, 12,736 measles cases and 203 deaths have been recorded so far this year, compared with 15,599 cases in the whole of 2018.
到目前为止，菲律宾今年共记录了12736起麻疹病例和203起死亡病例，而整个2018年共记录了15599起麻疹病例。
“This is a wake-up call,” said Henrietta H Fore, Unicef’s executive director. “We have a safe, effective and inexpensive vaccine against a highly contagious disease – a vaccine that has saved almost a million lives every year over the past two decades.
联合国儿童基金会执行主任亨丽埃塔·H·福尔说：“这是一个警钟。我们有一种安全、有效和廉价的疫苗，可以预防高度传染性疾病——在过去20年里，这种疫苗每年拯救了近100万人的生命。
“These cases haven’t happened overnight. Just as the serious outbreaks we are seeing today took hold in 2018, lack of action today will have disastrous consequences for children tomorrow.”
“这些病案不是一夜之间发生的。正如我们今天看到的发生在2018年的严重疫情，今天的行动不到位将对明天的儿童造成灾难性后果。”
The report blames the global surge on a perfect storm of inferior health infrastructure, conflict, poor health education, complacency and vaccine hesitancy. The combined impact of these various factors has contributed to serious outbreaks in both developed and developing countries.
报告将全球病例激增归咎于糟糕的卫生基础设施、冲突、糟糕的卫生教育、自满和疫苗迟疑的完美风暴。这些各种因素的综合影响，导致了发达国家和发展中国家的严重疫情。
surge：汹涌，大浪
inferior：较差的
complacency：自满
For example, in the US the number of measles cases increased sixfold between 2017 and 2018, reaching 791 cases. More recently, the US has had outbreaks in New York and Washington state.
例如，在美国，麻疹病例数量在2017年至2018年间增加了6倍，达到791例。最近，美国在纽约州和华盛顿州爆发了疫情。
Sixfold：六倍的，六重的
Some of the worst affected countries are embroiled in serious conflict or political crisis, like Yemen and Venezuela. However, the presence of France on the 10-strong list appears to be linked to anti-vaccination sentiment in a country with an MMR vaccination rate among the worst in Europe. France has one of the lowest rates of vaccine confidence in the world.
一些受影响最严重的国家正置于严重的冲突或政治危机中，如也门和委内瑞拉。然而，法国在前10名单上的出现似乎与它的反疫苗情绪、且是欧洲麻风腮疫苗接种率最差的国家有关。法国是世界上对疫苗信心最低的国家之一。
“Almost all of these cases are preventable, and yet children are getting infected even in places where there is simply no excuse,” Fore added.
“几乎所有这些病例都是可以预防的，然而孩子们正受到感染，即使在那些根本没有理由感染的地方，”福尔补充说。
“Measles may be the disease, but, all too often, the real infection is misinformation, mistrust, and complacency. We must do more to accurately inform every parent, to help us safely vaccinate every child.”
“麻疹会是一种疾病，但通常，真正的病情是误传、不信任和自满。我们必须更加准确地告知每个家长，帮助我们安全地为每个孩子接种疫苗。”
complacency：自满
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