(2010-08-04 14:01:56)
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杂谈两种形式的过去分词的不同用法
有一部分不规则动词有两种形式的过去分词，在用法上有一定的区别；还有的动词既是规则变化的，也是不规则变化的，有的在词义上有区别，有的没有区别，要引起高度注意，否则用错了自己还不知道。请参见下表：
两种不同过去分词的不同用法：
动词原形/过去式
过去分词1
(构成完成时态)
过去分词2
（用作形容词或它用）
例 句
get/ got
got/gotten（美式）
gotten用作定语时只能用gotten
gotten可以用作定语“得到的：
His gotten money in a month is too less to meet his need.
light/lit
lit
lighted作定语是只能用lighted.
The fire was caused by a lighted match.(作定语)
The fire is lit/lighted (放在be动词后作表语都可以)
rot/rotted
rotted
rotten作定语是只能用rotten
Food that has rotted is rotten.(rotted构成完成时)
We can’t eat rotten food. （作定语或表语）
shrink/shrunk
shrunk
shrunken都可以
shrunken可用作定语“皱缩的、缩小的”:
She has a shrunken face.
The old had shrunken cheeks.
drink/drank
drunk
drunken作定语
I met a drunken man on the way. （作定语）
He is drunk. And he is dead drunk under the influence of hard liquor.(可以用作表语或补足语)
strike/struck
struck
Stricken构成合成词
The herds were struck by an epidemic.(构成被动语态)
The farmer was struck by a snake. .(构成被动语态)
The premier visited the earthquake-stricken area.(作定语)
sink/sank
sunk
sunken只能用作定语
His cheeks have sunk in.(构成完成时态)
He was sunk in thought. (做表语)
The old man has sunken cheeks.(作定语)
bend/bent
bended很少用这个形式
bent
They are bent on learning English well.(可以作表语和定语) （bended少用作定语,bended很少使用）
bless/blessed
blessed/blest
blessed用作表语或定语
blessed多用作定语“有福的”或“该死的”
The three old persons are blessed ones.
Will the blessed rain stop soon?
melt/melted
melt
molten只能用作定语
molten用作定语“融化的”：
The molten steel is flowing into the chute.
同一动词有不同的词义，规则变化和不规则变化之间有的词义区别很大：
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
例 句
bear生、出生
bore
born作表语
出生于、天生的，生来的
He was born in 1994.
He is a Chinese-born American scientist.
She was born in Canada.
bear生产，怀有；承担、负担;仍受
bore
borne
She has borne three children.
She bears deep proletarian revolutionary spirit for the people.
The donkey bears a heavy burden every day.
We must bear the responsibility of teaching students English well and easily.
He is always the first to bear hardships.
I can’t bear for you to say such a thing before me.
The expense should be borne by our company.
lie躺,存在，位于
lay
lain
He is lying on a bed.
Snow lies thick on the field.
A bright future lies ahead.
Korea lies to the east of china.
lie撒谎
lied
lied
You are lying, I guess.
He lied about the accident to me.
He is a bad man. He always lies.
hang绞死
hanged
hanged
Hang you! 该死！
The bad man was hanged last year.
hang挂,垂下
hung
hung
He hung a picture on the wall.
The hall is hung with red flags.
Please hang the door on the hinge.
He hung his head and admitted his guilt.
bind捆绑、凝固
be bound to一定要; be bound for某地
bound
be bound to do 一定…；注定…;将要…
They are bound to carry out the plan.
This is a bound volume of China Daily.
We are bound to succeed.
He is bound for Beijing.
Where are you bound for?
bound限制、毗邻;跳跃，
bounded
bounded位于…; 蹦跳
Jiangsu is bounded on the south by Zhejiang.
His heart bounded fast with joy.
The dog bounded towards the gate.
