Gluteal region Right gluteal region and ischio-anal region, with most of gluteus maximus removed
右侧臀区及坐骨肛管区，臀大肌已大部切除
1 Posterior layer of lumbar fascia overlying erector spinae 2 Sacrum 3 Coccyx 4 Gluteus maximus 5 Gluteus medius 6 Gluteus minimus 7 Piriformis 8 Gemellus superior 9 Obturator internus 10 Gemellus inferior 11 Greater trochanter of femur 12 Obturator externus 13 Quadratus femoris 14 Vastus lateralis 15 Iliotibial tract 16 Upper part of adductor magnus (adductor minimus) 17 Biceps femoris (long head) 18 Semitendinosus 19 Adductor magnus 20 Gracilis 21 Ischial tuberosity 22 Sacrotuberous ligament cut and turned down 23 Common fi bular (peroneal) part of sciatic nerve 24 Tibial part of sciatic nerve 25 Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve 26 Internal pudendal artery 27 Pudendal nerve 28 Levator ani 29 External anal sphincter 30 Anal margin 31 Anococcygeal body 32 Inferior rectal artery, vein and nerve | 1腰椎后层筋膜覆盖竖脊肌 2骶骨 3尾骨 4臀大肌 5臀中肌 6臀小肌 7梨状肌 8上孖士勒 9闭孔内肌 10下孖肌 11股骨大转子 12闭孔外肌 13股方肌 14股外侧肌 15髂胫束 16大收肌上部(收肌小指) 17股二头肌(长头) 18岁半腱肌 19大收肌 20股薄肌 21坐骨结节 22骶结节韧带切开并向下翻 23坐骨神经腓总神经部 24坐骨神经胫神经部 25股后皮神经 26阴部内动脉 27阴部神经 28提肛肌 29外肛门括约肌 30肛缘 31尾骨体 32直肠下动脉，静脉和神经 |
扩展：
The Superficial Muscles
The superficial muscles in the gluteal region consist of the three glutei and the tensor fascia lata. They mainly act to abduct and extend the lower limb at the hip joint.
Gluteus Maximus
The gluteus maximus is the largest of the gluteal muscles. It is also the most superficial, producing the shape of the buttocks.
Attachments: Originates from the gluteal (posterior) surface of the ilium, sacrum and coccyx. The fibres slope across the buttock at a 45 degree angle and insert onto the iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur.
Actions: It is the main extensor of the thigh, and assists with lateral rotation. However, it is only used when force is required, such as running or climbing.
Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve.
Gluteus Medius
The gluteus medius muscle is fan-shaped and lies between to the gluteus maximus and the minimus. It is similar in shape and function to the gluteus minimus.
Attachments: Originates from the gluteal surface of the ilium and inserts into the lateral surface of the greater trochanter.
Actions: Abduction and medial rotation of the lower limb. It stabilises the pelvis during locomotion, preventing 'dropping’ of the pelvis on the contralateral side.
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve.
Gluteus Minimus
The gluteus minimus is the deepest and smallest of the superficial gluteal muscles. It is similar in shape and function to the gluteus medius.
Attachments: Originates from the ilium and converges to form a tendon, inserting to the anterior side of the greater trochanter.
Actions: Abduction and medial rotation of the lower limb. It stabilises the pelvis during locomotion, preventing 'dropping’ of the pelvis on the contralateral side.
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve.
Tensor Fascia Lata
Tensor fasciae lata is a small superficial muscle which lies towards the anterior edge of the iliac crest. It functions to tighten the fascia lata, and so abducts and medially rotates the lower limb.
Attachments: Originates from the anterior iliac crest, attaching to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). It inserts into the iliotibial tract, which itself attaches to the lateral condyle of the tibia.
Actions: Assists the gluteus medius and minimus in abduction and medial rotation of the lower limb. It also plays a supportive role in the gait cycle.
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve.
翻译：
浅表肌肉
臀区浅表肌由三个臀肌和阔筋膜张肌组成。它们主要作用于髋关节处的下肢外展和伸展。
臀大肌
臀大肌是臀肌中最大的一块。它也是最表层的，形成臀部的形状。
附着物:起源于髂骨、骶骨和尾骨的臀(后)表面。纤维以45度角斜过臀部并插入髂胫束和股骨的臀粗隆。
动作:它是大腿的主要伸肌，并协助侧旋。然而，它只在需要力量的时候使用，比如跑步或攀爬。
神经支配:臀下神经。
臀中肌
臀中肌呈扇形，位于臀大肌和臀小肌之间。它在形状和功能上与臀小肌相似。
附着物:起源于髂骨臀表面并插入大转子外侧表面。
动作:下肢外展和内旋。它在运动过程中稳定骨盆，防止骨盆在对侧“下降”。
神经支配:臀上神经。
臀小肌
臀小肌是臀浅肌中最深最小的。它在形状和功能上与臀中肌相似。
附着物:起源于髂骨并会聚形成肌腱，插入大转子前部。
动作:下肢外展和内旋。它在运动过程中稳定骨盆，防止骨盆在对侧“下降”。
神经支配:臀上神经。
阔筋膜张量
阔筋膜张肌是一小块浅表肌，位于髂嵴的前缘。它的作用是收紧阔筋膜，从而使下肢外展并向内侧旋转。
附件:起源于髂前嵴，连接髂前上棘(ASIS)。它插入髂胫束，髂胫束本身与胫骨外侧髁相连。
动作:协助臀中肌和臀小肌外展和下肢内旋。它在步态循环中也起着支持作用。
神经支配:臀上神经。
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