奥地利君主列表

选自中文维基百科

这是一份奥地利自成为独立封地以来各代藩侯、公爵、大公以及皇帝的名单。

奥地利的形成

奥地利起源于神圣罗马帝国皇帝奥托二世创设的巴伐利亚东部边防区（马克），其统治者（来自于巴本堡家族）在大约960年被给予藩侯称号。约在1147年，巴本堡家族的亨利二世被任命为第一代奥地利公爵。该家族统治奥地利公国直至1246年。

奥地利藩侯（巴本堡王朝）

姓名肖像出生婚姻死亡

利奥波德一世

Leopold I

(Luitpold I., der Erlauchte)

976–994

c. 940Richardis of Sualafeldgau

nine children10 July 994

Würzburg

aged about 54

亨利一世

Henry I the Strong

(Heinrich I., der Starke)

994–1018

late 10th century

son of Leopold I and Richardis of Sualafeldgaunever married23 June 1018

阿达尔伯特

Adalbert the Victorious

(Adalbert der Siegreiche)

1018–1055

c.985

son of Leopold I and Richardis of Sualafeldgau(1) Glismod of West-Saxony

two children

(2) Frozza Orseolo

no issue26 May 1055

Melk

aged about 70

恩斯特

Ernest the Brave

(Ernst, der Tapfere)

1055–1075

c.1027

son of Adalbert and Glismod of West-Saxony(1) Adelaide von Eilenburg

1060

three children

(2) Swanhilde von der Ungarnmark

1072

no issue10 June 1075

aged about 48

利奥波德二世

Leopold II the Fair

(Luitpold II., der Schone)

1075-1095

c.1050

son of Ernest and Adelaide von EilenburgIda of Cham

1065

eight children12 October 1095

aged about 45

利奥波德三世

Leopold III the Good

(Luitpold III., der Heilige)

1095–1136

c.1073

Melk

son of Leopold II and Ida of Cham(1) Maria of Perg

one son

(2) Agnes of Germany

1106

eighteen children15 November 1136

Vienna

aged about 63

利奥波德四世

Leopold IV the Generous

(Luitpold IV., der Freigiebige)

1136–1141

c.1108

son of Leopold III and Agnes of GermanyMaria of Bohemia

28 September 1138

no issue18 October 1141

Niederalteich

aged about 33

亨利二世

Henry II Jasomirgott

(Heinrich II., Jasomirgott)

1141–1156

c.1107

son of Leopold III and Agnes of Germany(1) Gertrude of Süpplingenburg

1 May 1142

one daughter

(2) Theodora Komnene

1148

three children13 January 1177

aged about 70

奥地利公爵

巴本堡王朝

姓名肖像出生婚姻死亡

亨利二世

Henry II Jasomirgott

(Heinrich II., Jasomirgott)

1156-1177

c.1107

son of Leopold III and Agnes of Germany(1) Gertrude of Süpplingenburg

1 May 1142

one daughter

(2) Theodora Komnene

1148

three children13 January 1177

aged about 70

利奥波德五世

Leopold V the Virtuous

(Luitpold V., der Tugendhafte)

1177-1194

c.1157

son of Henry II and Theodora KomneneHelena of Hungary

1174

four children31 December 1194

Graz

aged about 37

腓特烈一世

Frederick I the Catholic

(Friedrich I., der Katolische)

1195-1198

c.1175

son of Leopold V and Helena of Hungarynever married16 April 1198

Palestine

aged about 23

利奥波德六世

Leopold VI the Glorious

(Luitpold VI., der Glorreiche)

1198-1230

c.1176

son of Leopold V and Helena of HungaryTheodora Angelina

1203

seven children28 July 1230

San Germano

aged about 54

腓特烈二世

Frederick II the Quarrelsome

(Friedrich II., der Streitbare)

1230-1246

25 April 1211

Wiener Neustadt

son of Leopold VI and Theodora Angelina(1) Sophia Laskarina

no issue

(2) Agnes of Merania

1229

no issue15 June 1246

Leitha

aged 35

无王朝统治

巴本堡王朝的腓特烈二世去世后没有留下儿子，奥地利的统治权随着他的女儿奥地利的格特鲁德传到巴登藩侯赫尔曼六世手中。但该家族未能在奥地利站稳脚跟，他们不久被驱逐了。

赫尔曼六世 (巴登) 1248年-1250年 腓特烈一世 (巴登) 1250年-1251年

1251年，奥地利被强大的波希米亚国王奥托卡二世征服。

奥托卡二世 1251年-1278年

哈布斯堡王朝

1278年，哈布斯堡伯爵鲁道夫一世在当选为皇帝后打败了奥托卡二世并夺取了奥地利公国作为哈布斯堡家族的世袭领地。此后，奥地利的统治者常常也是神圣罗马帝国皇帝。

姓名肖像

出生婚姻死亡

阿尔布雷希特一世

Albert I of Habsburg

1282-1308

July 1255

Vienna

third son of Rudolph I and Gertrude of HohenburgElisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol

Vienna

20 December 1274

12 children1 May 1308

Windisch

aged 52

鲁道夫二世

Rudolph II the Debonair

1282-1283

July 1270

Rheinfelden

third son of Rudolph I and Gertrude of HohenburgAgnes of Bohemia

Prague

March 1289

one son10 May 1290

Prague

aged 20

鲁道夫三世

Rudolph III the Good

1298-1307

c. 1281

Vienna

eldest son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol(1) Blanche of France

25 May 1300

one daughter

(2) Elisabeth Richeza of Poland

16 October 1306

no issues3/4 July 1307

Horazdovice

aged 26

腓特烈一世

Frederick I the Fair

1308-1330

c. 1289

Vienna

second son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-TyrolIsabella of Aragon

Ravensburg

11 May 1315

three children13 January 1330

Gutenstein

aged 41

利奥波德一世

Leopold I the Glorious

1308-1326

4 August 1290

Vienna

third son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-TyrolCatherine of Savoy

Basel

26 May 1315

two daughters28 February 1326

Strassburg

aged 35

阿尔布雷希特二世

Albert II the Wise

1330-1358

12 December 1298

Habsburg

fourth son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-TyrolJohanna of Pfirt

Vienna

15 February 1324

six children16 August 1358

Vienna

aged 59

奥托一世

Otto I the Merry

1330-1339

23 July 1301

Vienna

seventh son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol(1) Elisabeth of Bavaria

Straubing

15 May 1325

two sons

(2) Anne of Bohemia

Znaim

16 February 1335

no issues17 February 1339

Neuberg an der Mürz

aged 37

腓特烈二世

Frederick II

1339-1344

10 February 1327

Austria

eldest son of Otto I and Elisabeth of Bavarianever married11 December 1344

Austria

aged 17

利奥波德二世

Leopold II

1339-1344

c. 1328

Austria

second son of Otto I and Elisabeth of Bavarianever married10 August 1344

Austria

aged 16

鲁道夫四世

Rudolph IV the Founder

1358-1365

1 November 1339

Vienna

eldest son of Albert II and Johanna of PfirtCatherine of Bohemia

Vienna

13 July 1356

no issues27 July 1365

Milan

aged 25

1359年，奥地利公爵鲁道夫四世试图将奥地利升格为一个大公国，大公的头衔最终在1402年为恩斯特（“钢铁”）首先使用，但直至1453年才被神圣罗马帝国皇帝腓特烈三世正式承认。

领地分裂

1379年，根据诺伊堡条约，哈布斯堡王朝领地被家族各支系瓜分。

阿尔布雷希特支系

（统治奥地利大公国，后来称为下奥地利）

姓名肖像出生婚姻死亡

阿尔布雷希特三世

Albert III

1379-1395

9 September 1349

Vienna

third son of Albert II and Joanna of Pfirt(1) Elisabeth of Bohemia

Vienna

after 19 March 1366

no issues

(2) Beatrix of Nuremberg

Vienna

4 March 1375

one son29 August 1395

Laxenburg

aged 45

阿尔布雷希特四世

Albert IV

1395-1404

19 September 1377

Vienna

only son of Albert III and Beatrix of NurembergJoanna Sophia of Bavaria

Vienna

24 April 1390

two children14 September 1404

Klosterneuburg

aged 26

阿尔布雷希特五世

Albert V

1404-1439

under joint guardianship

of Leopold IV and Ernest (1404-1411)

16 August 1397

Vienna

only son of Albert IV and Joanna Sophia of BavariaElisabeth of Bohemia

Vienna

26 April 1422

three children27 October 1439

Neszmély

aged 42

空位 Vacant 1439-1440

拉迪斯劳斯·拉斯洛五世

Ladislaus the Posthumous

1440-1457

under guardianship

of Frederick V (1440-1452)

22 February 1440

Komarom

only son of Albert V and Elisabeth of Bohemianever married23 November 1457

Prague

aged 17

利奥波德支系

（统治施蒂里亚，克恩滕，卡尼鄂拉，蒂罗尔和外奥地利）

姓名肖像

出生婚姻死亡

利奥波德三世

Leopold III

1379-1386

1 November 1351

Vienna

fourth son of Albert II and Joanna of PfirtViridis Visconti

Vienna

23 February 1365

six children9 July 1386

Sempach

aged 34

威廉一世

William I

1386-1406

c. 1370

Vienna

eldest son of Leopold III and Viridis ViscontiJoan II of Naples

Vienna

13 November 1401

no issues15 July 1406

Vienna

aged 36

利奥波德四世

Leopold IV

1386-1411

c. 1371

Vienna

second son of Leopold III and Viridis ViscontiCatherine of Burgundy

Vienna

15 August 1393

no issues3 June 1411

Vienna

aged 40

1402年，利奥波德支系再度分裂为老蒂罗尔支系和施蒂里亚支系

老蒂罗尔支系

姓名肖像出生婚姻死亡

腓特烈四世

Frederick IV

1402-1439

c. 1382

fourth son of Leopold III and Viridis Visconti(1) Elisabeth of the Palatinate

Innsbruck

24 December 1407

one daughter

(2) Anna of Brunswick

Innsbruck

11 June 1411

four children24 June 1439

Innsbruck

aged 57

西吉斯蒙德

Sigismund

1439-1490

under guardianship

of Frederick V (1439-1446)

26 October 1427

Innsbruck

second son of Frederick IV and Anna of Brunswick(1) Eleanor of Scotland

Innsbruck

12 February 1449

one son

(2) Katharina of Saxony

Innsbruck

24 February 1484

no issues4 March 1496

Innsbruck

aged 68

施蒂里亚支系

恩斯特

Ernest

1402-1406

c. 1377

Bruck an der Mur

third son of Leopold III and Viridis Visconti(1) Margaret of Pomerania

Bruck an der Mur

14 January 1392

no issues

(2) Cymburgis of Masovia

Krakow

25 January 1412

nine children10 June 1424

Bruck an der Mur

aged 47

腓特烈五世

Frederick IV

1406-1493

匈雅提·马加什一世

Matthias Corvinus

1485-1490

Claimant Duke

23 February 1443

Kolozsvár

second son of John Hunyadi and Elizabeth Szilágyi(1) Elizabeth of Celje

no issues

(2) Catherine of Poděbrady

Matthias Church, Budapest

1 May 1461

no issues

(2) Beatrice of Naples

Vienna

15 December 1476

no issues6 April 1490

Vienna

aged 47

阿尔贝六世

Albert VI

1446-1463

哈布斯堡王朝

姓名肖像出生婚姻死亡

马克西米连一世

Maximilian I

1493-1519

22 March 1459

Wiener Neustadt

second son of Frederick V and Eleanor of Portugal(1) Mary of Burgundy

Ghent

18 August 1477

three children

(2) Anne of Brittany

Rennes

18 December 1490

no issues

(3) Bianca Maria Sforza

Hall in Tirol

16 March 1494

no issues12 January 1519

Wiener Neustadt

aged 59

查理一世

Charles I

1519-1521

24 February 1500

Ghent

eldest son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of CastileIsabella of Portugal

Seville

10 March 1526

seven children21 September 1558

Yuste

aged 58

斐迪南一世

Ferdinand I

1521-1564

10 March 1503

Alcala de Henares

second son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of CastileAnna of Bohemia and Hungary

Linz

25 May 1521

fifteen children25 July 1564

Vienna

aged 61

1564年，奥地利领地被分给斐迪南一世的几个儿子

领地分裂

下奥地利

（下奥地利包含奥地利本部，被分给斐迪南一世的长子马克西米连）

姓名肖像出生婚姻死亡

马克西米连二世

Maximilian II

1564-1576

31 July 1527

Vienna

eldest son of Ferdinand I and Anna of Bohemia and HungaryMaria of Spain

Valladolid

13 September 1548

sixteen children12 October 1576

Regensburg

aged 49

鲁道夫五世

Rudolph V

1576-1608

18 July 1552

Vienna

second son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spainnever married20 January 1612

Prague

aged 59

马蒂亚斯

Matthias

1608-1619

24 February 1557

Vienna

fourth son of Maximilian II and Maria of SpainAnna of Tyrol

Vienna

4 December 1611

no issues20 March 1619

Vienna

aged 62

上奥地利

（上奥地利包含蒂罗尔和外奥地利，被分给斐迪南一世的次子斐迪南）

姓名肖像出生婚姻死亡

斐迪南二世

Ferdinand II

1564-1595

14 June 1529

Linz

second son of Ferdinand I and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary(1) Philippine Welser

ca. 1576

four children

(2) Anne Juliana Gonzaga

Innsbruck

14 May 1582

three daughter24 January 1595

Innsbruck

aged 65

斐迪南二世没有合法子嗣，领地被传给其兄马克西米连的儿子马提亚斯 姓名肖像出生婚姻死亡

马蒂亚斯

Matthias

1595-1619

under regency

of Maximilian III

(1612-1618)

24 February 1557

Vienna

fourth son of Maximilian II and Maria of SpainAnna of Tyrol

Vienna

4 December 1611

no issues20 March 1619

Vienna

aged 62

马克西米连三世

Maximilian III

1612-1618

as Governor-Archduke

12 October 1558

Vienna

sixth son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spainnever married12 October 1558 – 2 November 1618

Vienna

aged 62

内奥地利

（内奥地利包含施蒂里亚，克恩滕和卡尼鄂拉，被分给斐迪南一世的第三子查理）

姓名肖像出生婚姻死亡

查理二世

Charles II

1564-1590

3 June 1540

Vienna

fourth son of Ferdinand I and Anna of Bohemia and HungaryMaria Anna of Bavaria

Vienna

26 August 1571

fifteen children10 July 1590

Graz

aged 50

斐迪南三世

Ferdinand III

1590/1619-1637

under regency

of Maximilian III

(1593-1595)

9 July 1578

Graz

second son of Charles II and Maria Anna of Bavaria(1) Maria Anna of Bavaria

Graz

23 April 1600

seven children

(2) Eleonor Gonzaga

Innsbruck

2 February 1622

no issues15 February 1637

Vienna

aged 58

哈布斯堡王朝

斐迪南三世 (1619年-1623年) 1619年全部奥地利领地在斐迪南三世（神圣罗马帝国皇帝斐迪南二世）治下统一。但他旋即又将上奥地利分封给他的弟弟利奥波德

领地分裂

下奥地利和内奥地利

姓名肖像出生婚姻死亡

斐迪南三世

Ferdinand III

1590/1619-1637

9 July 1578

Graz

second son of Charles II and Maria Anna of Bavaria(1) Maria Anna of Bavaria

Graz

23 April 1600

seven children

(2) Eleonor Gonzaga

Innsbruck

2 February 1622

no issues15 February 1637

Vienna

aged 58

斐迪南四世

Ferdinand IV

1637-1657

13 July 1608

Graz

third son of Ferdinand III and Maria Anna of Bavaria(1) Maria Anna of Spain

Vienna

20 February 1631

six children

(2) Maria Leopoldine of Austria

Linz

2 July 1648

one son

(3) Eleanor Gonzaga

Wiener Neustadt

30 April 1651

four children2 April 1657

Vienna

aged 48

利奥波德六世

Leopold VI

1657-1705

9 June 1640

Vienna

fourth son of Ferdinand V and Maria Anna of Spain(1) Margaret Theresa of Spain

Vienna

12 December 1666

four children

(2) Claudia Felicitas of Austria

Graz

15 October 1673

two daughter

(3) Eleonor Magdalene of the Palatinate

Passau

14 December 1676

eleven children5 May 1705

Vienna

aged 64

上奥地利

姓名肖像出生婚姻死亡

利奥波德五世

Leopold V

1623-1632

9 October 1586

Graz

fifth son of Charles II and Maria Anna of BavariaClaudia de' Medici

Innsbruck

19 April 1626

five children13 September 1632

Schwaz

aged 45

斐迪南·查理

Ferdinand Charles

1632-1662

17 May 1628

Innsbruck

eldest son of Leopold V and Claudia de' MediciAnna de' Medici

Innsbruck

10 June 1646

two daughter30 December 1662

Kaltern

aged 34

西吉斯蒙德·弗朗西斯

Sigismund Francis

1662-1665

27 November 1630

Innsbruck

second son of Leopold V and Claudia de' MediciHedwig Augusta of the Palatinate-Sulzbach

Sulzbach

3 June 1665

no issues25 June 1665

Innsbruck

aged 34

哈布斯堡王朝

（1665年，奥地利最后统一）

姓名肖像出生婚姻死亡

利奥波德一世

Leopold I

1657/1665-1705

9 June 1640

Vienna

fourth son of Ferdinand V and Maria Anna of Spain(1) Margaret Theresa of Spain

Vienna

12 December 1666

four children

(2) Claudia Felicitas of Austria

Graz

15 October 1673

two daughter

(3) Eleonor Magdalene of the Palatinate

Passau

14 December 1676

eleven children5 May 1705

Vienna

aged 64

约瑟夫一世

Joseph I

1705-1711

26 July 1678

Vienna

eldest son of Leopold VI and Eleonor Magdalene of the PalatinateWilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick

Vienna

10 June 1646

three children17 April 1711

Vienna

aged 32

查理三世

Charles III

1711-1740

1 October 1685

Vienna

second son of Leopold VI and Eleonor Magdalene of the PalatinateElisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

Santa Maria del Mar, Barcelona

1 August 1708

five children20 October 1740

Vienna

aged 55

玛丽亚·特蕾西亚

Maria Theresa

1740-1780

with Francis I (1740-1765)

Joseph II (1765-1780)

13 May 1717

Hofburg Imperial Palace

eldest daughter of Charles III and Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-WolfenbüttelVienna

12 February 1736

sixteen children29 November 1780

Hofburg Imperial Palace

aged 63

弗朗茨·斯蒂芬

(弗朗茨一世)

Francis Stephen

with Maria Theresa (1740-1765)

8 December 1708

Nancy

fourth son of Leopold, Duke of Lorraine and élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans18 August 1765

Innsbruck

aged 56

哈布斯堡-洛林王朝

姓名肖像出生婚姻死亡

约瑟夫二世

Joseph II

1765-1790

with Maria Theresa (1765-1780)

13 March 1741

Vienna

eldest son of Francis I and Maria Theresa(1) Isabella of Parma

Vienna

6 October 1760

two daughter

(2) Maria Josepha of Bavaria

Schonbrunn

23 January 1765

no issues20 February 1790

Vienna

aged 48

利奥波德二世

Leopold II

1790–1792

5 May 1747

Vienna

third son of Francis I and Maria TheresaMaria Luisa of Spain

Innsbruck

16 February 1764

sixteen children1 March 1792

Vienna

aged 44

弗朗西斯二世

Francis II

1792–11 August 1804

12 February 1768

Florence

eldest son of Leopold VII and Maria Luisa of Spain(1) Elisabeth of Württemberg

Vienna

6 January 1788

one daughter

(2) Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily

Vienna

15 September 1790

12 children

(3) Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este

Vienna

6 January 1808

no issues

(4) Caroline Augusta of Bavaria

Vienna

29 October 1816

no issues2 March 1835

Vienna

aged 67

奥地利帝国

神圣罗马帝国于1806年被拿破仑一世推翻。神圣罗马帝国皇帝弗兰茨二世在1804年就已经自称为奥地利皇帝弗兰茨一世，此后他便以这个名义统治哈布斯堡王朝剩余的领土。1867年，奥地利与匈牙利合并为二元帝国奥匈帝国，奥地利皇帝弗兰茨·约瑟夫一世兼任匈牙利国王和第一位奥匈帝国皇帝。

姓名肖像出生婚姻死亡

弗朗西斯一世

Francis I

11 August 1804–1835

12 February 1768

Florence

eldest son of Leopold VII and Maria Luisa of Spain(1) Elisabeth of Württemberg

Vienna

6 January 1788

one daughter

(2) Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily

Vienna

15 September 1790

12 children

(3) Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este

Vienna

6 January 1808

no issues

(4) Caroline Augusta of Bavaria

Vienna

29 October 1816

no issues2 March 1835

Vienna

aged 67

斐迪南一世

Ferdinand I

1835-1848

19 April 1793

Vienna

eldest son of Francis II and Maria Theresa of Naples and SicilyMaria Anna of Savoy

Vienna

27 February 1831

no issues29 June 1875

Prague

aged 82

弗朗茨·约瑟夫一世

Francis Joseph I

1848-1916

18 August 1830

Schonbrunn Palace

eldest son of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Princess Sophie of BavariaElisabeth of Bavaria

Augustinerkirche

24 April 1854

four children21 November 1916

Schonbrunn Palace

aged 86

卡尔一世

Charles I

1916-12 November 1918

17 August 1887

Persenbeug-Gottsdorf

eldest son of Archduke Otto Francis of Austria and Princess Maria Josepha of SaxonyZita of Bourbon-Parma

Schwarzau Castle

21 October 1911

eight children1 April 1922

Madeira

aged 34

扩展阅读：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Austria