在高考单项填空试题的选项中,it是出现频率较高的词汇之一。下面针对近十年高考中涉及到it的题目进行分类解析:
一、 作为正确项的it
1. I like ________ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004, 全国卷I)
A. this B. that C. it D. one
2. I hate ________ when people talk with their mouths full. (NMET 1998)
A. it B. that C. these D. them
【解析】 在I like / love / hate it when...这个结构中,it 是形式宾语,真正的宾语是when从句所描述的某种情形。句意分别是:1. 我喜欢秋天晴朗的天气。2. 我讨厌人们一边吃饭一边说话。又如:I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone. 有时非得用法语去打电话,我真感到讨厌。值得注意的是,这种情况与我们所熟悉的it 作形式宾语的复合结构是不同的,因为在它之后没有形容词或名词作宾语补足语。如: I thought it strange that she hadn’t written. 她没有写信,我感到很奇怪。
3. The Foreign Minister said, “________ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2004, 北京卷)
A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is
4. ________ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 1995)
A. There B. This C. That D. It
【解析】 it作形式主语, that从句作真正主语,常见的句型有:
① It + be + 形容词(obvious, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.) + that从句
② It + be + 名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+ that从句
③ It + be + 过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.) + that从句
5. —Do you like ________ here?
—Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. (2004, 全国卷 II)
A. thisB. theseC. thatD. it
【解析】 it可以指代“未指明,但谈话双方心里都明白的那件事或那种情况”, 在本题情景中it指“这儿的情况(the situation here)”。 又如: I can’t stand it (= this situation) any longer!我再也不能忍受这种情况了!How’s it (= your life, work, etc.) going? 近况如何? The worst of it is that we’ll have to get the repairs done again. 最糟糕的是我们还得再次修理。If it’s convenient I can see you tomorrow. 要是方便的话,我明天可以见你。
6. The Parkers bought a new house but ________ will need a lot of work before they can move in. (NMET 2001)
A. they B. it C. one D. which
【解析】 it可以指“已知的或暗含的事实或情况”,在此指“买房之后的情况”。又如:She was frightened, but tried not to show it. 她非常恐惧,但竭力没有表现出来。
7. Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, ________? (2004, 上海卷)
A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t he D. is he
【解析】 答案为A。it指代Bill’s aim。
二、 作为干扰项的it
(一) it对替代词one的干扰
8. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ________ from some wood we had. (2004全国卷III)
A. it B. one C. himself D. another
9. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ________ I will always treasure. (NMET 2002)
A. that B. one C. it D. what
【解析】 第8、9题都选B。第8题中的one指代“a new cupboard”。第9题里的one(= a moment)作an unforgettable moment的同位语,它的后面是一个省略了that的定语从句。对比下句中it的用法:Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, and I will always treasure it (=the unforgettable moment).
10. —Why don’t we take a little break?
—Didn’t we just have ________? (NMET 2000)
A. it B. that C. one D. this
11. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have ________. (NMET 1995)
A. it B. those C. them D. one
【解析】第10、11题分别选C和D。替代词one和人称代词it极易混淆,其不同之处在于:one替代的是一个用不定冠词限定的单数可数名词(如:a cupboard, a break),而it不能用作替代词,它指代的是确定的、具体的某事物。比较下面句子中的one和it:
Your story is very interesting, but I don’t like it (=your story). 你的故事很有意思,但我不喜欢它。
This story is an interesting one(=story).这是一个有趣的故事。
She has no watch, so I want to buy one (=a watch) for her. 她没有手表,所以我想给她买一块(手表)。
There is only one watch of the type in the shop, so I want to buy it (=the only watch) for her. 这款手表商店只有一块,所以我想把它买给她。
(二) it对关系代词as的干扰
12. ________ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. (2004北京卷)
A. It B. As C. That D. What
13. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (NMET 2001)
A. It B. As C. That D. What
【解析】第12、13题的答案都是B。这两道题中的as引导的是定语从句,指代整个主句的内容。将第12、13题的题干分别改写成下面两句,试比较it用作形式主语的用法:
It is reported in the newspapers that talks between the two countries are making progress.
It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
这种用法的as多见于这些习惯用语中:as anybody can see;as is well known;as we had expected;as often happens; as has been said before;as is mentioned above等。
(三) it对关系代词which的干扰
14. Carol said the work would be done by October, ________ personally I doubt very much. (NMET 1999)
A. it B. that C. when D. which
【解析】 此题选D。which引导非限制性定语从句,代指主句的整个内容。对比it的用法:Carol said the work would be done by October, but personally I doubt it very much.
(四) it对其他代词的干扰
15. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately ________ couldn’t spare me even one minute. (2004重庆卷)
A. they B. one C. who D. it
【解析】 此题选A,they泛指“我”的朋友。
16. —There’s coffee and tea; you can have ________.
—Thanks. (NMET 2003)
A. either B. each C. one D. it
【解析】 此题选A。either指两者之中的任何一个,这里相当于说:You can have either coffee or tea.
17. It is the ability to do the job ________ matters not where you come from or what you are. (NMET 2000)
A. one B. that C. what D. it
【解析】 此题选B,that是强调句型的结构词。
18. Tom felt that he knew everybody’s business better than they knew it ________ . (NMET 1996)
A. themselves B. oneself C. itself D. himself
【解析】 此题选A。句意:汤姆认为,他对大家事情的了解胜过他们对自己事情的了解。
来源：ketty的博客http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_53fb9a3e0100g1hw.html
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