高考英语语法专题汇总｜（六）虚拟语气

高考 英语 语法专题 虚拟语气

高中阶段的英语学习，其实就是学语法、记单词和研究并熟练题型。其中，语法是大多数同学最头疼的问题，原因在于其内容之繁杂和零散。小E老师近期会将高中英语所有语法专题总结在一起，供大家系统学习。

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下期预告：高考英语语法专题汇总（七）非谓语动词

专题六虚拟语气

虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表现出来的。

一、虚拟语气谓语动词的几种表现形式

1.用在虚拟条件句中

虚拟条件句及其主句的谓语形式可归纳如下:

	从句谓语	主句谓语
与现在事实相反	were,did	would(should, could, might) +v
与将来事实相反 （可能性极小）	shoulddo, were+to+v	would(should, could, might) +v
与过去事实相反	haddone	would(should, could, might) + have done

例1：I would certainly go if I hadthe time.

例2：How nice it would be if youcould stay a bit longer.

例3：She would have come if we hadinvited her.

注：如果条件从句中包含有were, had,should或could，有时可把if省略掉，但这时要把were, had,should或could放在主语前面(这种结构在口语中较少使用)。例如：

1)Had we made (= If we had made )adequate preparations, we might have succeeded.

2)Were there no gravity, therewould be no air around us.

3)Should it rain tomorrow, themeeting would be put off.

2.用在含蓄条件句中

句子中，假设的情况不用条件从句表示出来，而是用一个介词短语来表示，句子的谓语形式也可遵循上表的规则。

这种用法也常见于or, or else,otherwise和but后面的分句中。例如：

1)Without music, the world wouldbe a dull place.

2)But for your help, we would havefailed.

3)She would have gone with us, butshe didn’t have time.

4)He must have had an accident, orhe would have been here then.

3.用在错综时间条件句中

有时候，条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时，谓语动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整，这种句子可称作错综时间条件句。例如：

1)If you hadn’t watched televisionso late, you wouldn’t be so sleepynow.(此句为时间交错的虚拟条件句，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句则假设与现在情况相反)

2)If you were in better health, wewould have allowed you to join them in thework.(从句表示与现在事实相反的假设，主句则表示一种与过去事实相反的设想)

4.用在wish后的宾语从句中

这种句子主要表示愿望，that常省略。若指现在或将来的愿望，从句用过去时;若指过去没有实现的愿望，从句用过去完成时。例如：

1)I wish I had learned to playchess.(与过去事实相反)

2)I wish I remembered hisaddress.(与现在事实相反)

3)I wish he would tryagain.(对将来情况的假设)

若wish后的宾语从句中用would，可以表示请求，通常意味着说话人的不快或不满。例如：

1)I wish you would help us.

2)I wish you would stop askingsuch silly questions.

5.用在ifonly感叹句中

当表示“但愿”，“要是…就好”时，它的用法和wish基本相同，只是更富有感情色彩，表示一时很难实现的愿望。例如：

1)If only I knew what youwanted.

2)If only you hadn’t told him whatI said, everything would have been all right.

6.用在以asif (as though) 引出的方式状语从句中

当表示过去想象中的动作或情况时，用过去完成时;当表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑时，用一般过去时。例如：

1)The old couple loved the orphangirl as if she had been their daughter.

2)It seems as if it werespring.

7.用在某些虚拟的定语从句中

例1：He was the very person I shouldhave been wished to see.

例2：It’s (high) time that we wentto class.

8.用以表示说话人的主观愿望或选择，仅用在一些惯用句型的从句中

例1：I’d rather they cametomorrow.

例2：He’d rather I went to Fuzhou bysea.

例3：I’d just as soon you didn’twatch television this evening.

但had rather, would rather, wouldjust as soon, would sooner等惯用语如用在简单句中，其后都用不加to的动词不定式。例如：

1)I’d rather die than give up myprinciple.

2)I’d just as soon (would sooner)resign than take part in such dishonest deals.

二、用固定的情态动词表示的虚拟语气

1.should +动词原形(有时省略should)

(1)用在动词如advise, command, demand,desire, insist, order, propose, recommend, request, require,suggest, urge等后的宾语从句中。例如：

1)They requested that we (should)send a delegation to their country.

2)She urged that he write andaccept the post.

(2)用在it is suggested, it isdesired, it is required, it was ordered, it was proposed, it hasbeen decided, it is necessary (essential, imperative, important,desirable) that等引出的主语从句中。例如：

1)It is desired that we (should)get everything ready by tonight.

2)It is necessary that the teacher(should) have a thorough knowledge of the subject he teaches.

(3)用在suggestion, motion, proposal,order, recommendation, plan, idea, requirement等引起的表语从句和同位语从句

例如：He put his coat over the childlest he should catch cold.

2.用在表示比拟的方式状语从句中

例如：They talked as if they had beenfriends for years.

3.用在表示虚拟情况的定语从句中

例如：It is high time you handed inyour test paper.

4.用在某些表示主观愿望的名词从句中

例1：I wish I were as strong asyou.

例2：He insisted that we (should)take up the matter at the meeting.

5.用在婉转的请求、建议、批评等句子中

例1：Could you spare me a fewminutes?

例2：You might have told meearlier.

例3：Hadn’t you better go and seeyou dentist about that tooth?

6.用在表示祝愿的简单句中

例1：Long live world peace.

例2：May you succeed.