Unity API 解析（3）GameObject 类

GameObject 类是Unity场景中所有实体的积累。一个GameObject对象通常由多个组件component组成，且至少含有一个transform组件。

activeSelf 属性 —— GameObject的Active标识

activeInHierarchy 属性的功能是返回GameObject实例在程序运行时的激活状态，它只有当GameObect实例的状态被激活时才会返回true。而且它会受父类对象激活状态的影响。如果其父类至最顶层的对象中有一个对象未被激活，activeInHierarchy就会返回false

using UnityEngine;using System.Collections;public class ActiveSelf_ts : MonoBehaviour {    public GameObject cube1, cube2, cube3;	void Start () {	// 对cube2设置为false，其他设置为true	cube1.SetActive(true);	cube2.SetActive(false);	cube3.SetActive(true);	Debug.Log("activeSelf:");	// 尽管cube2被设置为false，但其子类cube3的activeSelf返回值仍然为true	Debug.Log("cube1.activeSelf:" + cube1.activeSelf);	Debug.Log("cube2.activeSelf:" + cube2.activeSelf);	Debug.Log("cube3.activeSelf:" + cube3.activeSelf);	Debug.Log("\nactiveInHierarchy:");	// cube2 和 cube3的activeInHierarchy返回值都为false	Debug.Log("cube1.activeInHierarchy:" + cube1.activeInHierarchy);	Debug.Log("cube2.activeInHierarchy:" + cube2.activeInHierarchy);	Debug.Log("cube3.activeInHierarchy:" + cube3.activeInHierarchy);	}}

GameObject 构造方法

public GameObject();

public GameObject(string name);

public GameObject(string name,params Type[] components)

using UnityEngine;using System.Collections;public class Constructors_ts : MonoBehaviour {	void Start () {	// 使用构造函数 GameObject (name : String)	GameObject g1 = new GameObject("G1");	g1.AddComponent<Rigidbody>();	// 使用构造函数 GameObject () 	GameObject g2 = new GameObject();	g2.AddComponent<FixedJoint>();	// 使用构造函数 GameObject (name : String, params components : Type[])	GameObject g3 = new GameObject("G3",typeof(MeshRenderer),typeof(Rigidbody),typeof(SpringJoint));	Debug.Log("g1 name:" + g1.name + "\nPosition:" + g1.transform.position);	Debug.Log("g2 name:" + g2.name + "\nPosition:" + g2.transform.position);	Debug.Log("g3 name:" + g3.name + "\nPosition:" + g3.transform.position);	}}

GameObject 类实例方法

GetComponent 方法 —— 获取组件

public T GetComponent<T>() where T: Component;

public Component GetComponent(string type);

public Component GetComponent(Type type);

using UnityEngine;using System.Collections;public class GetComponent_ts : MonoBehaviour {	void Start () {	Debug.Log("以下是GetComponent 的相关使用代码。\n GetComponet 方法用来获取当前GameObject中符合Type类型的第一个组件");	//GetComponent (type : Type)	Rigidbody rb = GetComponent(typeof(Rigidbody))as Rigidbody;	Debug.Log("使用 GetComponent (type : Type) 获取 Rigidbody" + rb.GetInstanceID());	//GetComponent.<T>()	rb=GetComponent<Rigidbody>();	Debug.Log("使用 GetComponent.<T>()获取 Rigidbody" + rb.GetInstanceID());	//GetComponent (type : String)	rb = GetComponent("Rigidbody") as Rigidbody;	Debug.Log("使用 GetComponent (type : String)获取 Rigidbody" + rb.GetInstanceID());	Debug.Log("以下是GetComponentInChildren的相关使用代码。\n GetComponentInChildren 方法来获取当前GameObject的所有子类中符合Type类型的第一个组件");	//GetComponentInChildren (type : Type)	rb = GetComponentInChildren(typeof(Rigidbody)) as Rigidbody;	Debug.Log("使用GetComponentInChildren (type : Type)获取Rigidbody " + rb.name);	//GetComponentInChildren.<T> ()	rb=GetComponentInChildren<Rigidbody>();	Debug.Log("使用GetComponentInChildren.<T>()获取Rigidbody " + rb.name);			//GetComponents (type : Type)	Component[] cjs = GetComponents(typeof(ConfigurableJoint)) as Component[];	foreach(ConfigurableJoint cj in cjs){	    Debug.Log("使用GetComponents (type : Type)获取ConfigurableJoint " + cj.GetInstanceID());	}	//GetComponents.<T> ()	cjs = GetComponents<ConfigurableJoint>();	foreach (ConfigurableJoint cj in cjs)	{	    Debug.Log("使用GetComponents.<T>()获取ConfigurableJoint " + cj.GetInstanceID());	}	//GetComponentsInChildren(type: Type, includeInactive: boolean = false)	cjs = GetComponentsInChildren(typeof(ConfigurableJoint), false) as Component[];	foreach (ConfigurableJoint cj in cjs)	{	    Debug.Log("使用GetComponentsInChildren(type: Type, false)获取ConfigurableJoint " + cj.name);	}	cjs = GetComponentsInChildren(typeof(ConfigurableJoint), true) as Component[];	foreach (ConfigurableJoint cj in cjs)	{	    Debug.Log("使用GetComponentsInChildren(type: Type, true)获取ConfigurableJoint " + cj.name);	}	//GetComponentsInChildren.<T> (includeInactive : boolean)	cjs = GetComponentsInChildren<ConfigurableJoint>(true);	foreach (ConfigurableJoint cj in cjs)	{	    Debug.Log("使用GetComponentsInChildren.<T>(includeInactive : boolean)获取ConfigurableJoint " + cj.name);	}	//GetComponentsInChildren.<T> ()	cjs = GetComponentsInChildren<ConfigurableJoint>();	foreach (ConfigurableJoint cj in cjs)	{	    Debug.Log("使用GetComponentsInChildren.<T>()获取ConfigurableJoint " + cj.name);	}	}}

SendMessage 方法：发送消息

和自身同级的物体不会收到消息

SendMessageOptions 有两个可选方式：SendMessageOptions.RequireReceiver 和 SendMessageOptions.DontRequireReceiver 前者要求信息的接收方必须有接收信息的方法，否则程序报错，后者无此要求

BroadcastMessage 向自身以及所有子类发送消息，和自身同级的物体不会收到消息

SendMessageUpwards 方法的功能是向GameObject 自身及其所有父类发送消息，和自身同级的物体不会受到消息

using UnityEngine;using System.Collections;public class SendMessageUpward_ts : MonoBehaviour {	void Start () {		// 向父类及自己发送消息		gameObject.SendMessageUpwards("GetChildrenMessage", gameObject.name + ":use SendMessageUpwards send!");		// 向子类及自己发送消息		gameObject.BroadcastMessage ("GetParentMessage ",gameObject.name +":use BroadcastMessage send");		// 向自己发送消息		gameObject.SendMessage ("GetSelfMessage",gameObject.name +" : use SendMessage send");	}	private void GetParentMessage(string str)	{		Debug.Log(gameObject.name + "收到父类发送的消息" + str);	}	private void GetSelfMessage(string str)	{		Debug.Log(gameObject.name + "受到自身发送的消息" + str);	}	private void GetChildrenMessage(string str)	{		Debug.Log(gameObject.name + "受到子类发送的消息" + str);	}}

CreatePrimitive —— 创建GameObject 对象

静态方法

using UnityEngine;using System.Collections;public class CreatePrimitive_ts : MonoBehaviour{    void Start()    {	// 使用GameObject.CreatePrimitive方法创建 GameObject	GameObject g1 = GameObject.CreatePrimitive(PrimitiveType.Sphere);	g1.name = "G1";	g1.tag = "sphere_Tag";	// 使用 AddComponent (className : String)添加组件	g1.AddComponent("SpringJoint");	// 使用AddComponent (componentType : Type)添加组件	g1.AddComponent(typeof(GUITexture));	g1.transform.position = Vector3.zero;	GameObject g2 = GameObject.CreatePrimitive(PrimitiveType.Sphere);	g2.name = "G2";	g2.tag = "sphere_Tag";	// 使用AddComponent.<T>() 添加组件	g2.AddComponent<Rigidbody>();	g2.transform.position = 2.0f * Vector3.right;	g2.GetComponent<Rigidbody>().useGravity = false;	GameObject g3 = GameObject.CreatePrimitive(PrimitiveType.Sphere);	g3.name = "G1";	g3.tag = "sphere_Tag";	g3.transform.position = 4.0f * Vector3.right;	// 使用GameObject.Findà类方法获取GameObject，返回符合条件的第一个对象	Debug.Log("use Find:" + GameObject.Find("G1").transform.position);	// 使用GameObject.FindGameObjectWithTag类方法获取GameObject，返回符合条件的第一个对象	Debug.Log("use FindGameObjectWithTag:" + GameObject.FindGameObjectWithTag("sphere_Tag").transform.position);	// 使用GameObject.FindGameObjectsWithTag类方法获取GameObject，返回符合条件的所有对象	GameObject[] gos = GameObject.FindGameObjectsWithTag("sphere_Tag");	foreach (GameObject go in gos)	{	    Debug.Log("use FindGameObjectsWithTag:" + go.name + ":" + go.transform.position);	}			// 更改 g1，g2，和g3的层级关系	g3.transform.parent = g2.transform;	g2.transform.parent = g1.transform;	Debug.Log("use Find again1:" + GameObject.Find("G1").transform.position);	// 使用“/” 限定条件的方式查找GameObject	Debug.Log("use Find again2:" + GameObject.Find("/G1/G2/G1").transform.position);    }}

若要获取当前脚本所在GameObject对象中的某个组件，直接使用GetCompoent方法即可，如

Rigidbody br = GetComponent<Rigidbody>()

若要获取非当前脚本所在GameObject对象中的某个组件，则需要有GameObject作为前置引用，如变量go为指向GameObject对象的引用，则

Rigidbody br = go.GetComponent<Rigidbody>()

using UnityEngine;using System.Collections;public class GameObjectAndComponent_ts : MonoBehaviour {    public GameObject sp;	void Start () {	//以下3种表达方式功能相同	Rigidbody rb1 = rigidbody;	Rigidbody rb2 = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();	Rigidbody rb3 = rigidbody.GetComponent<Rigidbody>();	Debug.Log("rb1μ?InstanceID￡o" + rb1.GetInstanceID());	Debug.Log("rb2μ?InstanceID￡o" + rb2.GetInstanceID());	Debug.Log("rb3μ?InstanceID￡o" + rb3.GetInstanceID());	// 使用前置引用获取引用对象的Rigidbody组件	Debug.Log("前置引用sp对象中Rigidbody的InstanceID "+sp.GetComponent<Rigidbody>().GetInstanceID());	}}