状语从句有九种:
1.时间状语从句 2. 条件状语从句 3. 比较状语从句 4. 结果状语从句 5. 原因状语从句 6. 目的状语从句 7. 让步状语从句 8.方式状语从句 9. 地点状语从句
The Adverbial Clause 状语从句
状语从句是副词性从句,其句法功能是修饰谓语动词、其他动词、定语、状语或整个句子等,在句中作状语,通常由从属连词引导。 状语从句不仅是初中英语学习的重点,而且也是每年中考必考的内容之一。命题主要集中在引导状语从句的连词、状语从句的时态等方面;从九大状语从句来看,应将复习重点放在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句和比较状语从句这四种上。
一、时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的连词有:while, when, as, as soon as, till, until, not…until, before, after, since, etc.当主句用 一般现在时或表示将来含义时,时间状语从句常用一般现在时表将来。
I’ll tell you the news when I come back. 我一回来就把消息告诉不。
She will call me as soon as she arrives in Shanghai.她一到上海就打电话给我。
1、在when引导的时间状语从句中,动作可以是表示延续的,也可 以是表示瞬间的;while引导的从句中,动作一定是表示延续的
I was watching TV when Tom came in. 汤姆进来的时候我在看电视。(动作是瞬间的)
Tom came in while I was watching TV.我在看电视的时候汤姆进来了。
(动作是延续的)
2、as“当…….时;一边….一边…..”,引导的时间状语从句,强调主 句的动作与从句的动作同时发生,when与while也有此用法。另 外when和as常表示从句动作先于主句动作,有时when还可以表示从句动作在主句动作之后。
As she was dancing, she was singing.
It’s getting colder and colder as the winter comes.
3、before “在….以前”,表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前;
after “在……之后”,表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。
She was so interested in the book that she had read it for three hours before she realized it.
I went to bed after I finished homework.
4、until/till表示主句动作结束的时间。在肯定句中表示“直到….. 为止”,主句要用延续性动词。
My mother waited till/until I came back.
在否定句中,until/till表示“直到…..才”,主句通常用瞬间动词。这时until可用before替换。常构成:not…until结构,有时可用never, nothing代替not.
He didn’t leave until/before I came back.
5、since,ever since引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作开始的时间,译为“自….以来”。主句常用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时,常用句型为: It has been…since从句;It is +一段时间+since从句。(对 since 引导的时间状语提问要用 how long).
It’s ten years since I worked in the hospital.
He has taught us maths since he came here.
Where have you been since I saw you last?
6、由by the time引导的时间状语从句
注意时态的变化:在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过 去完成时;如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词 用将来完成时。
By the time you came back, I had finished this book.
By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work.
7、由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。
Each time she came to
Whenever you go, I will follow you!
You grow younger every time I see you.
8、 as soon as 表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后, 意为“一…就…”。如果主句是一般将来时, 情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时,时间状语从 句用一般现在时。如:
My brother went out as soon as I got home.
I'll phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua.
时间状语从句中较难掌握的几点:
① until (till) 直到,在用 until 表达时间状语的句子中,主句中的动词是要 十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词,它要用肯定句,如: I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night.
如果动词是瞬间截止性动词,则要用否定句,如: He didn't go to bed until his mother came back
② 由since, for, by, before 来引导的时间状语从句。 since 引导的时 间状语是动作的开始时间,如: I have studied English since 1990. 而由 by 引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间,如: I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term.而before 则多用于完成时, ago 则多用于一 般过去时,如: He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago③ 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,如: If it rains, they won’t go to the park on Sunday 也可以主句是一般过去时,从句用过去将来时,如: He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park 考试中常见的考点 有:要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句,因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态,如: I want to know if he will come here tomorrow在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系,如: I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow
注意: 在时间状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态应按下列规律确定。 1)主句一般将来时,从句用一般现在时(特别是用 as soon as 引导从句 时):
The boy will be a writer when he grows up. I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to
2) 主句含有情态动词,从句用一般现在时:
When the lights are red, the traffic must stop.
3) 主句为祈使句时,从句用一般现在时:
Please don’t go to bed before you finish your homework.
4) 主句为一般过去时,从句也用过去时态:
I liked reading when I was young.
5)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,如果主句用肯定式, 其含义是“一直到……时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定 式,其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间 动词。
例如: The young man read till the light went out. Let’s wait until the rain stops.
We won’t start until Bob comes. Don’t get off until the bus stops.
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