第三节 短语动词
【名师导读】
第一步学习目标：熟记初中范围内常见短语动词，记住“动词+副词”结构的短语，如果跟代词，必须在中间。
短语动词的结构由动词、介词、副词通过一定的结合而构成，主要有如下六种结构：动词+副词；动词+介词；动词+副词+介词；动词+名词+介词；be+形容词+介词；动词+名词。
【考点一】动词+副词
由“动词+副词”构成的短语，如果后接代词接宾语时，代词必须放在中间，这类词通常以on, off, up, down, away, out, back, over等结尾。常见的这类短语有：
1. cheer sb. up使…高兴起来
cheer sb. on为…加油
2. call off 取消
call sb. up= make sb. a call =ring sb. up
= phone/telephone sb. 打电话给…
3. cut off 切断，阻断
cut down 切倒，削减
4. get down 从...下来，写下
get off 下来，逃脱惩罚，下车
get on 骑上，登上，有进展，上车
get over 恢复，克服，解决
5. give up 放弃，停止，辞去
give away=donate 赠送；捐送
give back =return 归还
give in 认输，让步，屈服
give off 释放，放出
give out=hand out 分发
6. go down 下降，减少
go out 熄灭，过时
go over 检查，审查
go through 遭受，经历，检查，被通过
7. hand in 上交，递交
hand out=give out 分发，散发
hand on 把…传递下去
hand over 交出，移交
8. hang about/out 闲荡
9. pick up 拾起，搭乘
10. put on 穿上，上演 put out 伸出；熄灭
put off 推迟 put down 放下
put away 把…收好/放好
put up 挂起；举起；张贴；建造
11. set up 搭起，建立，创建，建造
set off 出发，动身
12. send off 邮寄，发送 send up 发
send for sb. 派人去请某人
13. show up露面 show sb. around带…参观
14. take off 脱下；起飞
take away 减去、拿走、带走
take down 拆除,记下
take over 接管，借用
take up 开始从事，占据
15. think over 仔细考虑
think about 考虑 think of 认为
16. throw away 扔掉，抛弃，浪费
17. try on 试穿 try out 试验，试用
18. turn on 打开 turn off 关上
turn up 调高 turn down 调低
19. find out 查明 break out 爆发
fill out/in 填写 work out 算出
carry out 执行 point out 指出
20. sell up 卖完 eat up 吃光
clean up 打扫 make up 构成
use up 用完，用光
look up 查(字典等)
build up 逐步建立，增强
dress up 盛装打扮
mix up 搅匀，混淆
fix up =mend =repair 修理
21. cut down 砍倒 get down 下来
let down 使失望 write down 写下
slow down 减速 copy down 抄下
22. blow away 吹走 blow out 吹熄
【考点二】 动词+介词
ask for 请求 break into 破门而入
get on 上车 get off 下车
look at 看 look like 看起来像
look for 寻找 look after 照顾
go over 复习 work on 从事
laugh at 嘲笑 shout at 朝（某人）吼
stand for 代表 die from/of 死于
care about 关心 depend on 依靠
believe in 信任 listen to 听
go through从…穿过 come across偶然碰到
care for 喜欢，照顾
look after=care for=take care of 照顾
begin/start with 以…开始
end with 以…结束
arrive in /at =get to =reach 到达
【考点三】 动词+副词+介词
do well in =be good at 擅长，在…方面好
look forward to 盼望
catch up with 赶上，超过
add up to 加起来，总共
catch up with 赶上
keep out of 使…不进入
go on with 继续
get along/on with 与…相处、进展
【考点四】 动词+名词+介词
pay attention to 注意
take part in 参加
make use of 利用
get rid of 处理掉
take the place of 代替
take pride in=be proud of 以…为荣
show interest in 对…表现出兴趣
【考点五】 be+形容词+介词
be fond of 喜欢
be afraid/terrified of 害怕
be famous for 以…出名
be famous as 作为…而出名
be proud of =take pride in 以…为荣
be sure about/of 对…有把握
be good for 对…有好处
be good at 擅长，在…方面好
be good/friendly /kind to 对…友好
be ready for 为…作好准备
be satisfied/pleased with sb. 对…感到满意
be angry with sb. 对某人生气
be short for 是…的简称
be short of 短缺
【考点六】 动词+名词
take place 发生 keep watch 值班
lose heart 灰心 lose weight 减肥
do homework 做作业
【基础巩固 课堂练习】
第二步学习目标：能用所学基本知识解决以下问题。
I. 单项选择题。
( ) 1. China is very _____ the Great Wall and pandas.
A. famous as B. famous for
C. ready for D. ready to
( ) 2. He has failed several times, but he won’t _____.
A. go on B. come on C. get up D. give up
( ) 3. The windows are broken and they can hardly _____ the cold now. They need to be repaired.
A. give out B. take out C. put out D. keep out
( ) 4. –What do you _____ my coat?
--I think it’s very beautiful.
A. look at B. talk about
C. think of D. think about
( ) 5. The black leather shoes look very beautiful. Can I _______?
A. try it on B. try on it
C. try them on D. try on them
( ) 6. –Hi, Linda. We’re taking a walk. Would you like to _______?
---Great! Let’s go.
A. come on B. come out
C. come up D. come along
( ) 7. The stars _____ as soon as it was dark.
A. came down B. came in
C. came over D. came out
( ) 8. He did badly in English. Let’s help him ____ some good ideas.
A. catch up with B. come up with
C. come up D. come out
( ) 9. It rained last night. The flood _____ the old bridge over the small river.
A. washed away B. went away
C. kept away D. put away
( ) 10. –Li Ping, your things are on the desk. Please _______.
--OK, dad.
A. put away it B. put it away
C. put away them D. put them away
( ) 11. If you don’t know the words, please _____ in the dictionary.
A. look it up B. look them up
C. look them over D. looked for them
( ) 12. The doctor _____ the crying baby, but he couldn’t find out what was wrong with it.
A. looked over B. looked after
C. looked for D. looked out
( ) 13. I’ll fly to Hainan tomorrow. Would you mind _____ the time for all the flights to Hainan for me?
A. looking for B. finding out
C. finding D. looking after
( ) 14. After breakfast, he _____ to the bus stop this morning.
A. put off B. took off C. turned off D. ran off
( ) 15. The baby is sleeping. Could you _______ the TV a little?
A. turn off B. turn on C. turn down D. turn up
( ) 16. Jenny, please __ your sister carefully.
A. take after B. take care for
C. care for D. care about
( ) 17. –Our class will play against Class 2.
--Let’s ______.
A. cheer them on B. cheer them in
C. cheer them up D. cheers
( ) 18. It’s time for us to listen to the news. Would you please _____ the radio?
A. turn on B. turn off
C. turn up D. turn down
( ) 19. After you finish your homework, you’d better ______ carefully.
A. go over it B. go them over
C. go it down D. go it away
( ) 20. My shoes are _______. I want to buy a new pair.
A. wear out B. wore out
C. worn out D. wearing out
( ) 21. Please help _____ to some soup, kids!
A. yourself B. yourselves C. you D. yours
( ) 22. His teacher will ____ Beijing today.
A. reach B. get C. arrive D. go
( ) 23. The desk is _____ wood while paper is _____ wood, too.
A. made of; made from B. made in; made of
C. made from; made of D. made of; made in
( ) 24. Can you help me _____ the picture on the wall? I need your help.
A. put up B. put on C. put off D. put away
( ) 25. Mr. Green’s new book will ____ next month.
A. come in B. come on
C. come over D. come out
( ) 26. Last night, he ______ the candles on the birthday cake in one breath.
A. blew away B. blew down
C. blew out D. blew over
( ) 27. How do you plan ____ this problem?
A. to deal with B. to do with
C. dealing with D. doing with
( ) 28. We ______ one-child policy in China.
A. carry out B. carry on
C. call on D. call out
( ) 29. Study hard, don’t ____ your parents.
A. let down B. let in C. let out D. let off
( ) 30. How do you ______ with your classmates?
A. get off B. get on
C. get over D. get away
II. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
31. My uncle used to ________(get) up late. But now he is used to ________(get) up early.
32. I’m looking forward to _______(hear) from your letter.
33. Don’t worry. We can take turns ______(help) you with your English.
34. We should try our best ________(protect) our environment.
35. She has made up her mind ________(learn) English well.
36. Would you mind my ______(smoke) here?
37. I think we should _________(allow) to choose our own clothes.
38. I think you have to give up _____(smoke). Smoking is bad for your health.
39. We’re all very tired. We have to stop ______(have) a rest.
40. He has a bad habit. He often stays up _______(play) games.
III．同义句。
41. Jim looked after his sister yesterday.
Jim _____ ______ _____ his sister yesterday.
Jim ______ ______ his sister yesterday.
42. I can turn to our English teacher.
I can _____ our English teacher _____ _____.
43. He can swim very well.
He _____ ______ ______ swimming.
44. Jim takes after his father.
Jim ______ ______ _______ his father.
Jim _______ _______ his father.
45. Lily and Linda are good friends.
Lily ____ ____ _____ ____ Linda.
46. Action movies remind me of Jackie Chan.
Action movies ______ me _______ ______ Jackie Chan.
47. I hope I can achieve my dream.
I hope my dream will ______ ______.
48. Yesterday I got a letter from my pen pal.
Yesterday I ______ ______ my pen pal.
49. They played happily at the party.
They _____ _____ _____ ______ at the party.
They _______ ________ at the party.
50. Last Sunday, I went to the airport to see Lily off.
Last Sunday, I went to the airport to _____ ______ _______ Lily.
51. He likes drawing best.
He _______ _______ _______ drawing best.
52. Li Dawei taught English himself.
Li Dawei ______ English ______ ______.
53. We are ready for the final exam.
We ______ _______ _______ the final exam.
54. The Blacks arrived in Shanghai last night.
The Blacks ______ _____ Shanghai last night.
55. Can you help me?
Can you _____ me _____ ______?
56. Hurry up! Or you’ll fall behind others.
______ _____! Or you won’t _____ _____ _____ others.
57. Jim’s father gave me a ride last Sunday.
Jim’s father _____ me ______ last Sunday.
58. He was ill last night. He had to ask a doctor to come.
He was ill last night. He had to _____ _____ a doctor.
59. He donated one million to the charity.
He ______ _____ one million to the charity.
60. Could you help me to hand out the ads?
Could you help me to ____ ____ the ads?
【质量标准控制 考试满分过关】
以上60小题中，做错的题目有：
____________________________________；
解决日期是：________________________；
解决途径：__________________________；
感谢恩人：__________________________.
【全面冥想 纵横联系 睡前练习 终生记忆】
第三步学习目标：重点知识再现，加深印象
1. 闭上眼睛，花1分钟回忆下列动词+副词构成的短语，通常以哪些词结束，动副结构的短语，如果跟代词，位置在哪儿？
2．熟记短语动词。
【链接中考 轻松备考】
第四步学习目标：能用所学知识解决2011年中考题。
( ) 1. I can hardly hear what it is saying on TV. Would you please ？【2011安徽】
A. turn it up B. turn it down
C. turn it on D. turn it off
( ) 2. Bob used to be a "problem child", but his mother was very patient and didn’t stop trying to help him. 【2011广西玉林】
A. give out B. give away C. give up D. put up
( ) 3. Grandma is ill. I have to ______ her at home. 【2011桂林】
A. look for B. look up C. look at D. look after
( ) 4. Hurry up, Mike. You must get to the airport an hour before the plane ____.【2011四川资阳】
A. gets off B. turns off C. takes off D. puts off
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