不定式的用法：
<例句>
She tried to explain.
她试图解释一下。
<语法分析>
有些动词可以用不定式直接作宾语，如try, want, like, wish, hate, mean,pretend, begin, decide, learn, determine和 expect 等。还有些动词不能直接跟不定式作宾语，需用it代替不定式作宾语，这些动词有find, make, think, consider 和feel 等。也有些动词不能直接跟不定式作宾语，需在不定式前加连接代词或连接副词。有些动词可以跟不定式作宾语补语，如 love, teach, ask, get, tell, invite, force, oblige 和 beg 等。
<触类旁通>
(1) Her father cannot afford to buy her a bike.
她的爸爸无法给她买辆自行车。
语法分析：不定式直接作宾语。
(2) I thought it impossible to arrive that place in one hour.
我认为一个小时到达那个地方是不可能。
语法分析：it代替不定式作宾语。
(3) Does she know which to take?
她知道要哪一个吗？
语法分析：动词know不能直接用不定式作宾语，需在不定式前加连接代词或连接副词。
(4) She asked me to help her with lessons this evening.
她请我晚上帮她补习功课。
语法分析：有些动词可以跟不定式作宾语补语。
(5) I wait for you to decide.
我等你做出决定。
语法分析：有些动词也可跟不定式作宾语补语。
(6) Listen to me read the text.
听我读课文。
语法分析：使役动词和某些感官动词后可接不定式作宾语，在主动语态里，不定式省去to。
<巩固练习>
1. The birds refused ____[take] him back.
2. She decided _____[do] some experiments to test her theory.
3. He pretended _____[finish] it.
4. This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry _____[develop] veryquickly.
5. Do you consider it better not _____[go].
6. They know _____ to do it.
7. Nobody knows _____ to do next.
8. I've forgot ____ way to take.
9. She got young girls _____[learn] nursing there.
10. I ask Tom _____[lend] me some money.
11. I long for you ____[see] him.
12. I hope you'll advise me what _____[do].
13. He made some candles _____[give] light.
14. I made a big fire _____[keep] off the wild animals.
15. I have found her _____[be] friendly.
<参考答案>
1. to take 2. to do 3. to have finished 4. to develop 5. to go 6. how 7. what8. which 9. to learn 10. to lend 11. to see 12. to do 13. to give 14. to keep15. to be
动名词的用法：
<例句>
He resented being called a baby.
他不喜欢别人叫他小宝宝。
<语法分析>
在 这个句子中，动名词的被动形式作动词的宾语，此外还可作介词的宾语。动名词就是动词的-ing形式，在句子中可以充当很多成分，如作主语、表语以及宾语 等，还可构成合成词。有的动名词已很接近名词或已变成了名词，这些动名词可以有复数形式也可以有定语修饰。动名词也有被动形式和完成形式，可以有一个物主 代词或名词的所有格来作它的逻辑主语。
<触类旁通>
(1) Talking mends no holes.
空谈无济于事。
语法分析：动名词用作句子的主语。
(2) It's a wonder meeting you here.
在这里遇到你真是个奇迹。
语法分析：先行词it作主语，而把动名词主语放到句子后部，作表语的可以是名词或形容词。
(3) There was no knowing what she could do.
很难说她能干些什么。
语法分析：在“There is + no”结构后面可以用动名词作主语。
(4) They will put off doing it until next year.
他们将推迟到明年再做这件事。
语法分析：在很多成语动词后面也可以用动名词作宾语，诸如give up, carry on, keep on, go on 以及cut out 等。
(5) I remember telling you about it.
我记得曾告诉过你这件事。
语法分析：某些动词后面可以用动名词作宾语，此时则表示已发生的动作，如果用不定式作宾语，则表示动作即将发生。
(6) It has started raining (to rain).
天开始下雨了。
语法分析：在某些动词如 begin, start, intend, continue 以及cease 等动词后面可以跟动名词和不定式，意思上没有什么差别。
<巩固练习>
1. I hate _____[interrupt].
2. He regretted _____[leave] Beijing.
3. I have no object on ____[send] him abroad.
4. How about _____[come] with me to the theater?
5. She was not accustomed to _____[associate] with such people.
6. I advised _____[take] a different approach.
7. _____[read] French is easier than speaking it.
<参考答案>
1. being interrupted 2. having left 3. sending 4. coming 5. associating 6. taking 7. Reading
