Digestive enzymes. We’re betting you’ve heard of them, have a vague idea that they’re good, and wonder if you should be taking them. But this is one area where we also see a lot of confusion. Supplementation of any sort without knowing what or why you’re doing what you’re doing can be just as detrimental to your health as doing nothing at all. So before you stock up on papain and bromelaine, let’s get the complete low-down on all things digestive enzymes from today’s guest expert, Dr. Tim Gerstmar of
Aspire Natural Health.What are digestive enzymes, and why are they so important?We eat food, but our digestive system doesn’t absorb food, it absorbs nutrients. Food has to be broken down from things like steak and broccoli into its nutrient pieces: amino acids (from proteins), fatty acids and cholesterol (from fats), and simple sugars (from carbohydrates), as well as vitamins, minerals, and a variety of other plant and animal compounds. Digestive enzymes, primarily produced* in the pancreas and small intestine, break down our food into nutrients so that our bodies can absorb them.*They’re also made in saliva glands and stomach, but we’re not going to focus on those here.If we don’t have enough digestive enzymes, we can’t break down our food—which means even though we’re eating well, we aren’t absorbing all that good nutrition.What would cause digestive enzymes to stop working correctly in the body?First, diseases may prevent proper digestive enzyme production.Pancreatic problems, including cystic fibrosis, pancreatic cancer, and acute or chronic pancreatitis.Brush border dysfunction, the most severe is long standing Celiac disease, where the brush border is flattened or destroyed. Other diseases like Crohn’s can also cause severe problems.But even in the absence of any obvious disease, things still may not be working properly.Low-grade inflammation in the digestive tract (such as that caused by “food allergies,” intestinal permeability, dysbiosis, parasitic infection, etc.) can lead to deficiencies in digestive enzymes.Aging has been associated with decreased digestive function, though I personally wonder if this is a result of aging, or aging badly.Low stomach acid—we’ll talk about this more in a future article, but if you have low stomach acid, it’s likely that you won’t have adequate digestive enzymes either.Chronic stress. This is the most common reason for digestive enzyme problems. Our body has two modes: sympathetic “fight or flight,” and parasympathetic “rest and digest.” When we’re in “fight or flight” mode, digestive is given a very low priority, which means digestive function (including digestive enzyme output) is dialed down. Chronic stress= constant “fight of flight” mode = impaired digestive enzyme output.How do we correct a digestive enzyme deficiency?First, a
Whole30 or a Paleo-style diet can help to restore normal digestive function, including digestive enzymes. Dietary interventions work by reducing inflammation in the body and the digestive tract, improving nutrient deficiencies, removing enzyme inhibitors by taking out things like grains and legumes, and
fixing gut bacteria.However, just because you eat Good Food doesn’t automatically mean your digestion will be healthy. In my
previous article, I talked about gut bacteria, which may not be in perfect balance with a Paleo diet alone. Improper digestion is another issue that diet alone may not solve.Managing chronic stress is vitally important to restoring healthy digestive function. Most of us are cramming food in our faces at our desks or while we’re on the go, then we’re off to do the next thing on our list. We live most of our lives in sympathetic mode—and aren’t giving a high priority to properly digesting our food. When we sit down to eat food, we should switch into a parasympathetic mode, and ideally stay in parasympathetic mode for a while afterwards. Think long European meals, followed by a siesta. (Refer to pages 182-185 in
It Starts With Food for more specifics.)Finally, after implementing these healthy dietary and lifestyle practices, digestive enzyme supplementation may be necessary to help your body properly break down your food.How do I know if I should be taking digestive enzyme supplements?The best way to know is by stool testing, to measure how well you’re digesting and how well your pancreas is producing digestive enzymes. Many traditional medical doctors are unlikely to run these tests, and they may not be covered by insurance. If you’d like to run one of these tests, seek out a qualified alternative provider who you trust.Other symptoms that suggest you might have problems with digestive enzymes are:Gas and bloating after mealsThe sensation that you have food sitting in your stomach (a rock in your gut)Feeling full after eating a few bites of foodUndigested food in your stool*Floating stools (an occasional floating piece is fine, but if all your poop consistently floats, that might be a sign something is wrong)An “oil slick” in the toilet bowl (undigested fat)The good news is that since digestive enzymes are very safe and reasonably cheap, you can always try them and see if you notice any difference in your digestion.*If you’re serious about your health, I encourage you to periodically look at your poop—it’s one of the simplest ways you can gain insight into your health. Take a glance a few times a week. If there’s a significant change, have a talk with your doctor; it could be a sign of something going on.What kinds of digestive enzyme should I take?There are a variety of digestive enzymes on the market, including single enzyme and multiple enzyme. Without testing, I typically recommend a mixed enzyme to cover your bases.As with all supplements, you’re looking for brands that meet the following criteria:Quality/Price: Buying cheap supplements is almost always a waste of money—you’re almost never going to get the benefit you’re looking for. When buying enzymes, don’t look for the cheapest brand on the shelf, and steer clear of conventional grocery stores and drug stores, as they carry poor quality product.Reputation: There are about a zillion companies selling supplements right now, and I don’t pretend to know all of them. Two over-the-shelf companies are
Jarrow and
NOW Foods. A couple of ‘doctor’ grade companies that you can get over the Internet are
Thorne and
Klaire labs. These companies have good reputations, and I’ve seen patients have good luck with their products.Source: There are three major sourcing for digestive enzymes. Fruit sourced (isolated from papaya or pineapple) work well for some people, but tend to be the weakest digestive enzyme supplement, and aren’t sufficient for people who need more support. Animal sourced (typically listed as pancreatin) are not for vegetarians or vegans, and can have issues with stability. They work really well for some people, but typically are not the forms I’m using. “Plant” sourced (from fungus) are the most stable of all the enzymes, survive digestion well, and have a broad spectrum of action. These are the ones I most commonly use.Multiple enzymes: Most people are going to benefit from a multi-enzyme product, so you’ll want to see a number of enzymes listed, including proteases (which break down proteins), lipases (which break down fats), and carbohydrases (such as amylase, which break down carbohydrates). Look at the labels of the products linked above for specifics—there are a ton of enzymes, but your product should include at least some from these labels.Strength/potency listed: Enzymes are rated on various scales (which are too complicated to go into here), but you want to see numbers beside each enzyme showing their strength. If it’s just a proprietary formula without strengths listed, be cautious—it usually means a weak product.Ingredients: As with all supplements, you want to see all the ingredients listed. And you especially want to see what ingredients are not in the product like gluten, dairy, etc. If it doesn’t say “contains no: sugar, salt, wheat, gluten, soy, milk, egg, shellfish or preservatives,” you need to assume that it does. (The above-referenced
NOW Foods enzyme is a good example.)When should I take digestive enzyme supplements, and how much should I take?Take your digestive enzymes with food. Some people make a big deal of timing, but my bottom line is just to get them in around the time you’re eating. Most people find it easiest to pop them just before they sit down to eat, but anytime within about 30 minutes of your meal is going to be beneficial.If you have a high quality product, most people need 1-2 capsules with their major meals. (Most people don’t need to take any with light meals or snacks unless their digestion is very messed up.) The most I’ve ever had to use with a person was 4 capsules with each meal.When you’ve found a dose that works well for you, your symptoms should go away—that gas or bloating after meals, the feeling of a stone in the guts, or your messed up poop should get better. If not, try increasing your dose slowly, by one pill per meal, giving it at least a 3 days (and up to a week) to evaluate how things are working.
Dr. Tim Gerstmar is a Seattle-based Naturopath who specializes in treating complex chronic diseases – those issues that leave most other doctors stumped. His area of expertise is in digestive health. He uses clinical nutrition (primarily Paleo, Weston A. Price and GAPS) and lifestyle counseling, botanical medicine (herbs), functional medicine, homeopathy in his practice. You can learn more about Dr. Gerstmar and Aspire Natural Health at
http://aspirenaturalhealth.com, or contact him via Facebook (
http://facebook.com/AspireNaturalHealth) or Twitter, @DrTimGerstmarND.Share this:
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