英语中主语一般位于句首，谓语紧随其后，然而因为非谓语的参与及特定句式句型的出现，正常的主谓关系往往产生异常。主要有如下几种：
1) 换位:因省略而引起的主谓异位
Were it not for the routine working schedule, it would be very unwise to rush to one's workplace during the peak hours.
要不是为了一成不变的工作时间表，选在尖峰时间之刻冲去上班，可能是不智之举。
Had it not been for the unusually bad weather, the rescue party would have been able to save the stranded climber.
要不是有反常的坏天气，抢救小组是能救出那个陷入困境的登山者的。
Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.
如果昨天来的话，你就会见到他了。
Should you require anything give me a ring.
如果需要什么，可以给我打电话。
In contrast, should another ice age occur, sea level would drop drastically.
对比之下，如果再次发生冰川世纪，海平面将会大大下降。
Their significance may have remained clear had the Chinese not come under foreign influence.
如果中国没有受到外国的影响，它们的重要性可能保持清晰。”
2)共享：一个主体兼有不止一个动作
I remember my parents would be in the kitchen cooking.
我记得我的父母会在厨房做饭。
Kate was in a hurry to grow up, eager for knowledge and experience.
凯特急于长大，渴望知识和经验。
With a lot of work to do , he wasn’t allowed to go out.
由于有许多工作要做，他不被允许外出。
Listening to high-pace music while exercising resulted in the highest heart rate compared with not listening to music.
与不听音乐相比，运动时听快节奏音乐的心率最高。
The Palace Museum, also referred to as the Forbidden City in the past, is a fascinating tourist attraction.
故宫博物院，过去也被称为紫禁城，是一个迷人的旅游景点。
She made great progress in English, known to all of us, which made her e admitted to Beijing Foreign Studies University.
我们都知道，她在英语方面取得了很大的进步，这使她被北京外国语大学录取。
They concluded that in areas with small-scale agriculture, less temperature warming, and more natural habitats, insects only dropped by 7% , compared to the 63% decrease in areas with large-scale agriculture, more temperature warming, and less natural habitats.
他们得出的结论是，在小规模农业、温度变暖程度较低、自然栖息地较多的地区，昆虫数量只下降了7%，而在大规模农业、温度变暖程度较高、自然栖息地较少的地区，昆虫数量下降了63%。
3)省略：特定语境下主语被习惯省掉
(You) Sit down, please.
(你)请坐。
(Do you) Like it?
(你)喜欢吗?
(Are you) Feeling any better?
(你)感觉好些了吗?
(It) Seems to be impossible.
这似乎是不可能的。
Although (he was)against my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own.
虽然老教授不同意的观点，但他也提不出自己的观点。
If (it is)possible, let me know beforehand.
如果可能，可在事前通知我。
Check your plans carefully and make some changes if (it is)necessary.
仔细检查你的计划，必要时做一些改变。
Bring me some water if (there is) any.
有水给我带些来。
I have no idea who is right, but I am clear that if all the leftovers are thrown away as (it is)
suggested by some experts, it would be a great waste of food.
我不知道谁是对的，但我很清楚，如果像一些专家建议的那样把所有的剩菜扔掉，那将是对食物的极大浪费。
4. 倒装：处于某种语法目的或特定句型而生成的主语失其位现象
A. “May I come in and take a rest?” asked the poor girl.
“我可以进来休息一下吗?”可怜的姑娘问。
“Get out of the room!” shouted the angry woman.
“滚出房间!”那个生气的女人喊道。
There are always many tourists who enjoy the beautiful lakes, beaches, and mountains and who visit the historical places.
总是有许多游客欣赏美丽的湖泊、海滩和山脉，参观历史名胜。
There lived an old fisherman in the village.
村里住着一位老渔夫。
There stand two white houses by the river.
河滨矗立着两座白房子。
There existed some doubt among the students.
学生中有些怀疑。
There goes the bell.
铃响了。
Here comes the bus．
汽车来了。
Now comes my turn.
轮到我了。
Then came the order to take off.
起飞的命令到了。
Away went the crowd one by one.
人们一个一个地离去。
In came a stranger in black.
进来了一位穿黑衣的陌生人。
Down fell the leaves.
树叶掉了下来。
South of the lake lies a big supermarket.
湖泊的南边是一个大超市。
20 miles east of our school lies a modern swimming pool.
我们学校向东20英里有一个现代化的游泳池。
On the floor were piles of old books, magazines and newspapers.
地板上是一堆堆旧的书报杂志。
Among the most deadly floods was Saint Elisabeth’s food in 1421, which killed thousands after the dykes broke in several places.
其中最致命的洪水是1421年的圣伊丽莎白洪水(Saint Elisabeth’s food)，在几处堤坝决堤后，数千人丧生。
Lucky is she who was admitted to a famous university last year.
她很幸运，去年被一所名牌大学录取。
Gone are the days when he was looked down upon.
他被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。
Present at the meeting are some well-known scientists.
一些知名的科学家出席了会议。
Green are the clouds in the sky and faded are leaves on the ground.
碧云天，黄叶地。
So excited was he that he could not say a word.
他如此激动以至于一句话都说不出来。
Such was his anger that he lost control of himself.
他是如此地生气，以至于他不能控制自己了。
B.I cannot swim. Neither can he .
我不会游泳，他也不会。
She has been to Tokyo. So have I.
她去过东京，我也去过。
Little does he care about his clothes.
他不在乎穿着。
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
孩子睡着了，妈妈才离开房间。
No sooner had he handed in his paper than he realized his mistakes.
他刚交卷就意识到出错了。
5．变异：单独的完整句子变成主语，以关系代词which及表结果的doing为主
①She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.
她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。
Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous.
彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。
In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.
在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。
He helped me a lot, which I will always remember.
他帮了我很多，这一点我将永远记得。
Tom arrived at school late again, which made him feel awkward.
汤姆上学又迟到了，这使他感到很尴尬。
②The sun heats the earth, making it possible for plants to grow.
太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。
There is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place.
到处都是泥和水，从一个地方到另一个地方旅行很困难。
He comes home late every evening, making his wife very upset.
他每天晚上回家都很晚，这使他的妻子很不安。
European football is played in more than 80 countries, making it one of the most popular games in the world.
80多个国家都在踢欧洲足球，这使它成为世界上最受欢迎的运动之一。
Her husband died ten years ago, leaving with her three children to bring up.
她丈夫十年前去世了，留下她抚养三个孩子。
The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.
那孩子滑倒了，头撞在门上。
She threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
她把玩具扔在地上，把它摔得粉碎。
Their car was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay.
他们的汽车因暴风雪而耽搁了。
The scenery here has great charm, reminding me of Guilin.
这里的风景很有魅力，让我想起了桂林。
China’s high expressway coverage reached 136,400km by the end of 2017, ranking first in the world.
截至2017年底，中国高速公路总里程达到13.64万公里，居世界首位。
If you study abroad, you may suffer from culture shock, making it difficult for you to adapt to a new environment.
如果你出国留学，你可能会遭受文化冲击，使你难以适应新环境。
Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
随着时间的推移，这个系统发展成不同的形式，因为当时人们在地理上是分开的，导致了许多种类的方言和文字。
6. 隐逸：动作的实施者只可意会或猜测，常见于由分词转变成的介词或连词中
Supposing that （：if we suppose）you came into a drawing-room where you were having tea, do you think you would recognize yourself as an individuality?
比如说，你走进一个客厅里去喝茶，你敢说你能认出你自己这个人吗？
Provided that (:if it is provided that)you aim, throughout your life, as you continue learning, to integrate your thought to make it harmonious.
只要你一生的目标确定，你就会在学习时联系你的思想，使学习与你的目标相互和谐。
Given that (:if it is given that)she was really interested in children, teaching was a proper career for her.
倘若她真的对孩子感兴趣，教师这一职业对她来说很合适。
Granted that (:if it is granted that)the firm has not broken the law, is the law what it should be?
的确，这家公司没有违法，但这样的法律是否合理呢？
Considering(: if we consider) the team's contender status with him on the roster, it will all be worth it.
考虑到湖人队内他的竞争者，这些还是很值得的。
Taking (: if we take) into account all the circumstances, he thought it wise not to say anything further.
考虑到所有情况，他想还是不要再说什么为妙。
Seeing that(: if we see that) there is often poor visibility, the site chosen as an airport is not appropriate.
鉴于这里能见度经常欠佳，所以选为机场是不适当的。
Judging (: if we see that)from his face, he must be ill.
从他的脸色来看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, (:people generally speak)dogs can run faster than pigs.
一般来说，狗比猪跑得快。
This marks another significant repatriation of cultural relics, following(:after) the return of the bronze horse head stated in 2020.
这是继2020年归还青铜马首之后，又一次重大的文物归还。
I’d like to hear what you say concerning (:about) the matter of packing.
我很想听听你们就包装问题发表意见。
We have no information regarding (:about) the potential symptoms that this medical condition may trigger.
我们没有任何资料的潜在症状，这种疾病可能会触发。
The team adjusted for a number of factors, including (:involving)how much meat people ate.
调查考虑到了许多因素，包括人们对肉食的摄入量。
Including (:besides)this year's bonus, I have saved up enough money to buy a new car.
把今年的奖金算进去，我已经存够钱买一辆新车了。
7. 替身：以it作形式主语、形式宾语的用法为主（参考本公众号前：It 句型大盘点）
8. 分级：同为主语但属不同等级，尤其在独立结构、with结构及插入语中
(1)The question being solved (:Because the question was solved) , we went home.
问题解决，我们就回家了。
We shall play the game tomorrow, weather permitting (:if weather permits ).
明天假设天气好，我们就进行比赛。
The monitor being ill (:Since the monitor is ill), we’d better put the debate off.
班长病了，我们最好还是延期辩论。
The discussion being continued (: Although the discussion was being continued), I decided to withdraw.
讨论在继续，但我还是决定退出。
Some of these traditions dying out（:As some of these traditions are dying out）, people feel that the festival becomes less interesting and conventional.
其中一些传统正在消失，所以人们觉得这个节日变得不那么有趣和传统了。
That said (:Though that is said), we know of many post crossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing.
话虽如此，我们知道许多跨邮会员，包括中国人，实际上通过使用跨邮提高了英语技能。
(2)With spring coming on(:As spring is coming), trees turn green.
春天到来，树变绿了。
With no one to talk to (: As no one would talk to him), John felt miserable.
没有人可以说话，约翰感到很痛苦。
He left home with the light on(: and the light was on).
他开着灯离家了。
With more time to spend on your family (: If more time is spent on your family), you are to catch on to the nature of life.
如果有更多的时间花在你的家庭上，你将懂得生活的本质。
With dark fading away (: As dark was fading away), dawn approached.
随着黑暗的消逝，黎明来临了。
(3)True (:It is true that), it would be too bad.
真的，太糟了。
Wonderful(:It is wonderful that), we have won again.
太好了，我们又赢了。
Worse still (:It was worse still that), the line could even carry off the baby in its mouth.
更糟糕的是，狮子一口就可以夺去孩子的生命。
Strange(:It was strange that), there is nobody in the classroom.
很奇怪，教室里没人。
Strange to say (:It was strange to say that), he hasn't got my letter up to now.
说来也奇怪，他到现在还没有收到我的信。
The Palace Museum holds a quantity of treasures having a history of thousands of years (: that has a history of thousands of years).
故宫博物院收藏了大量具有几千年历史的珍品。
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a “good”, quickly followed by “I’m hungry”(:which is quickly followed by “I’m hungry”).
大多数父母都会急切地问孩子今天过得怎么样，只会得到一个“好”，紧接着是“我饿了”。
9. 孤立：主谓语分裂孤存
(Is) Everybody gone?
大家都走了吗？
(I'm)Sorry to hear that.
听到这个消息我很难过。
(Is there) Anybody in?
里面有人吗？
Only one of us was injured, and he (was) just slightly (injured).
我们当中只有一人受了伤，而且只是轻伤。
I’ll be round as quick as I can (be).
我将尽快赶来。
I pitied her sincerely, as I would (pity)a child of my own.
我真心地爱怜她，就像爱怜我自己的孩子一样。
We went through the tests on a Monday. Jenny had hers during the day, and I (had) mine after work.
我们在周一进行了测试。珍妮在白天，我在下班之后。
She runs on average about 15 miles a day every day, whatever the circumstances (are), whatever the weather (is).
无论环境如何，无论天气如何，她每天平均跑15英里。
It features more than 200 impressive artworks that appear almost lifelike. ( As Air in Paradise Langkawi is)Praised as the largest 3D art museum in Malaysia and second largest in the world, there are 9 different zones within this 3-floor building, including fantasy, classic, landscapes, and Malaysia zones.
它有200多件令人印象深刻的艺术品，看起来几乎栩栩如生。(兰卡威天堂的空气)被誉为马来西亚最大、世界第二大的3D艺术博物馆，这座三层楼的建筑共有9个不同的区域，包括幻想区、经典区、风景区和马来西亚区。
熟练掌握主语的这几种异象，在分析理解长难句中可以做到游刃有余、事半功倍。
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