萨尔瓦多·达利的创作秘诀，有了科学证据
根据画家达利的描述，他通过短暂地打盹儿来提神醒脑。现在，科学家证明这个方法能有效地激发创造力。
萨尔瓦多·达利的画像。图片来源：PxHere
西班牙超现实主义艺术家萨尔瓦多·达利（Salvador Dali）有个提神醒脑的独门秘诀，用他的话来说叫做“钥匙睡眠法”（slumber with a key）。在 1948 年的《手艺出神入化的 50 个秘密》（50 Secrets of Magic Craftsmanship）一书中，他描述了“钥匙睡眠法”的用法。
“你必须安坐在一把细窄的椅子上，最好是西班牙风格的。”他写道。然后用左手攥住一把沉重的钥匙，悬在盘子上方，接下来“你只需让午后宁静的睡意慢慢来袭，就像一滴灵魂的茴香酒，逐渐浸润身体这块方糖。”
就在你迷迷糊糊要睡着时，钥匙从指间滑落，哐当一声掉在盘子上，把你惊醒。达利声称，这段介于清醒和睡眠之间的短暂时光能让身体和精神都恢复活力。达利还指出：“这时，连一秒钟都会显得无比漫长。”
达利的方法听起来很神秘，但如今在一定程度上得到了科学验证。
“我们的研究表明，清醒与睡眠之间的状态确实能激发创造力，而手中握个东西小憩，或许能让人更快进入这一创造力满天飞的状态。”巴黎大脑研究所（Paris Brain Institute）的睡眠研究员德尔芬·欧迪特（Delphine Oudiette）说道，她在童年就发现自己很容易进入睡眠和清醒的中间状态。
“我们的研究表明，清醒与睡眠之间的状态确实能激发创造力，而手中握个东西小憩，或许能让人更快进入这一创造力满天飞的状态”巴黎大脑研究所（Paris Brain Institute）的睡眠研究员德尔芬·欧迪特（Delphine Oudiette）说道，她在童年就发现自己很容易进入睡眠和清醒的中间状态。
她还很好奇这背后的原因，所以就和同事招募了 103 名受试者，让他们完成一系列数学题。受试者不知道的是，有一条捷径可以解决所有的题目……[查看全文]
Salvador Dali's Creative Secret
Is Backed by Science
Salvador Dali had a peculiar way of refreshing his mind—something he called “slumber with a key.” In his 1948 book 50 Secrets of Magic Craftsmanship, he described how it worked.
“You must seat yourself in a bony armchair, preferably of Spanish style,” he wrote. In your left hand, you were to clench a heavy key, suspended above a plate. Then, he continued, “you will have merely to let yourself be progressively invaded by a serene afternoon sleep, like the spiritual drop of anisette of your soul rising in the cube of sugar of your body.”
As you drifted off, the key would slip from your fingers and clang on the plate, awakening you. He claimed the brief moment spent between wake and sleep would revive your physical and psychic being. And he cautioned that “a mere second is infinitely too long.”
Now Dali’s mystical-sounding method has been, to some degree, vindicated by science.
Delphine Oudiette: We show that this period between wake and sleep is actually very inspiring for creativity—and napping with an object in hand might help to tap into this creative sweet spot.
Christopher Intagliata: Delphine Oudiette is a sleep researcher at the Paris Brain Institute. Since childhood, she’s found it easy to slip into the zone between wake and sleep.
Oudiette: I try to sleep with a problem in mind and let the images come to me. And sometimes I have great ideas.
Intagliata: But she was curious to find out why—so she and her colleagues asked 103 volunteers to complete a series of math problems. Unbeknownst to the participants, there was a quick shortcut to solve all the problems…[full transcript]
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Lacaux, C., Andrillon, T., Bastoul, C., Idir, Y., Fonteix-Galet, A., Arnulf, I. and Oudiette, D., 2021. Sleep onset is a creative sweet spot. Science advances, 7(50), p.eabj5866.
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