本文转载自联合国教科文组织
(English version below)
为了应对强大的生成式人工智能的迅猛发展，联合国教科文组织于5月25日首次就此议题举行了全球教育部长会议，共同探讨人工智能应用在当下和长远意义上给教育系统带来的机遇、挑战与风险。
有40多位部长参与了当天的全球教育部长会议在线讨论，就如何以最佳方式把人工智能工具纳入到教育工作之中交流了政策方法和规划。教科文组织也就生成式人工智能（ChatGPT）与教育的共同发展提出路线图，其中包括要开展多个利益攸关方之间的对话。
教科文组织教育助理总干事贾尼尼（Stefania Giannini）表示，“生成式人工智能为教育开辟了新的视野和挑战。但我们迫切需要采取行动，确保新的人工智能技术按照我们制定的条件融入教育。正如会员国一致通过的《人工智能伦理问题建议书》所述，我们有责任把安全、包容、多元、透明和质量放在首位。”
阅读链接：
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000380455_chi
在讨论期间，一些各方共同的关切“浮出水面”，包括如何使教育系统适应生成式人工智能正在迅速形成的重大冲击，如何将生成式人工智能整合到课程、教学方法和考试中，以及如何减缓这些技术的固有缺陷带来的影响，比如产生明显的错误、生成带有偏见的信息。
部长们的讨论还传递出一个信息，即世界各国政府正在这一快速发展的格局中制定适当的回应政策，旨在进一步建立或完善有关人工智能、数据保护和其他监管框架的国家战略。
教科文组织对450多所中小学和大学进行的一项新的全球调查发现，只有不到10%的学校制定了关于使用生成式人工智能应用的机构政策和/或正式指导。这一结果说明，当这些能够在书面和视觉上进行创作的强大的人工智能应用突然兴起，教育机构要做出及时的反应具有挑战性。
这项调查同样强调了教师在这个新时代作为学习促进者所发挥的重要作用，但他们需要指导和培训来应对这些挑战。
Unsplash/Hitesh Choudhary
世界各地的学校都应制定使用人工智能应用的政策。
教科文组织表示，将继续引领在政策制定者、教育技术合作伙伴、学术界和民间社会之间展开的全球对话。教科文还在制定关于在教育和研究中使用生成式人工智能的政策指导方针，以及在学校教育中学生和教师所需人工智能素养的框架。
这些指导文件将在今年的“数字学习周”期间发布，相关活动已定于9月4日到7日在巴黎教科文组织总部举行。
Unsplash/D koi
联合国教科文组织号召各国立即执行其《人工智能伦理问题建议书》，以避免这项技术被滥用。
了解更多：
《人工智能伦理问题建议书》：
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381137
《北京共识——人工智能与教育》：
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000368303_qaa
《人工智能与教育：政策制定者指南》：
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000376709
AI: UNESCO mobilizes education ministers from around the world for a co-ordinated response to ChatGPT
In response to the rapid emergence of new and powerful generative AI tools, on Thursday, UNESCO held the first global meeting of Ministers of Education to explore the immediate as well as far-reaching opportunities, challenges and risks that AI applications pose to education systems. Over 40 Ministers came together to share policy approaches and plans on how best to integrate these tools into education. During the online discussion on 25 May 2023, UNESCO presented a roadmap on generative AI and education, including open multistakeholder dialogue.
'Generative AI opens new horizons and challenges for education. But we urgently need to take action to ensure that new AI technologies are integrated into education on our terms. It is our duty to prioritize safety, inclusion, diversity, transparency and quality — as stated in the UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence adopted unanimously by our Member States.'
——Stefania Giannini,
UNESCO Assistant Director-General for Education
Ministers highlighted several pressing challenges and shared policy approaches
During the discussion, some common concerns emerged including how to adapt education systems to the disruptions generative AI is quickly causing, how to integrate generative AI into curricula, teaching methods and examinations, and how to mitigate the inherent flaws of these technologies, including the capacity for making glaring errors and producing biased information.
The ministerial debate revealed that governments worldwide are in the process of formulating appropriate policy responses in this rapidly evolving landscape - further developing or refining national strategies on AI, on data protection, and other regulatory frameworks.
Only 10% of schools and universities have formal guidance on AI
A new UNESCO global survey of over 450 schools and universities found that fewer than 10% have developed institutional policies and/or formal guidance concerning the use of generative AI applications. The results illustrate that an immediate response to the sudden emergence of these powerful generative AI applications that can produce written and visual creations is challenging for institutions.
The vital role teachers play in this new era as learning facilitators was highlighted. But teachers need guidance and training to meet these challenges.
UNESCO's policy guidelines and competencies framework
UNESCO will continue to steer the global dialogue with policy-makers, EdTech partners, academia and civil society. The Organization is developing policy guidelines on the use of generative AI in education and research, as well as frameworks of AI competencies for students and teachers for school education. These will be launched during the Digital Learning Week, which will take place at UNESCO Headquarters in Paris on 4-7 September 2023.
UNESCO has unique expertise, through its mandate for education and for sciences. In recent years, the Organization has led a global reflection on the Futures of Education, and it has also established the first global normative framework for the ethics of artificial intelligence, unanimously adopted by its 193 Member States in November 2021.
Read the Futures of Education:
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000379707
UNESCO’s work in AI in education
UNESCO is supporting its Member States to harness the potential of AI technologies in its areas of competence. UNESCO’s Recommendation on the Ethics of AI adopted in 2021 sets the appropriate normative framework. In the area of education, the Organization rallied stakeholders around the Beijing Consensus on Artificial Intelligence and Education in 2019 and has published several guidelines, including AI and education: A guide for policy-makers in 2021.
Read more:
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