1. Family 家庭 (1)
Your parents and siblings (brothers and sisters) are your immediate family– and your extended familyincludes all your relatives – uncles, cousins, great-aunts, etc.你的父母和兄弟姐妹（兄弟姐妹）是你的直系亲属——你的大家庭包括你所有的亲戚——叔叔、堂兄弟姐妹、姑姥姥等等。
You can use a family treeto diagram the relationships among your family members. A person who is related to you by a long series of connections can be called a distant relative.您可以使用家谱来表示家庭成员之间的关系。一个和你有一长串关系的人可以被称为远房亲戚。
If you’re lucky, you have a loving family or a close-knit family – these expressions refer to a family that has good relationships, where everyone loves each other and helps each other. If you were raised in a loving family, then you probably had a carefree childhood – that means you had nothing to worry about when you were young.如果你幸运的话，你会有一个充满爱的家庭或一个关系密切的家庭这些表达都是指一个家庭有着良好的关系，每个人都相亲相爱，互相帮助。如果你在一个充满爱的家庭中长大，那么你可能有一个无忧无虑的童年——这意味着你小时候没有什么可担心的。
On the other hand, a family in which the relationships are bad or unhealthy can be called a dysfunctional family. If the children experience abuse, poverty, or problems with the law, we can say they had a troubled childhood.另一方面，如果一个家庭其中的关系是坏的或不健康的可以被称为一个功能失调的家庭（不和谐的家庭）。如果孩子们经历了虐待、贫困或法律问题，我们可以说他们有一个问题童年。
Perhaps the parents went through a bitter divorce– that means a separation in which there were bad/angry feelings between the husband and wife. It’s also possible to have a messy divorce, with a prolonged legal battle involving lots of conflicts about the separation of the former couple’s assets (money and possessions). The decisions about the separation of assets are made in the divorce settlement. A family in which there are divorces or separations is sometimes called a broken home.也许父母经历了一场痛苦的离婚——这意味着丈夫和妻子之间有不好/愤怒的感觉。也有可能有一个混乱的离婚，一个长期的法律斗争，涉及前夫妇的财产（金钱和财产）分离的许多冲突。关于财产分割的决定在离婚协议中作出。离婚或分居的家庭有时被称为破碎的家庭。
Sometimes the mother and father fight over custody of the children– that refers to who has the primary responsibility of caring for the kids. A judge can grant joint custody – that means the ex- husband and ex-wife share the responsibility – or sole custody to only one parent. For example, a judge might award sole custody to the mother, and the father has to pay child support– regular payments to help with expenses for the kids.有时母亲和父亲会争夺孩子的抚养权——这指的是谁对照顾孩子负有主要责任。法官可以授予共同抚养权——这意味着前夫和前妻共同承担责任——或者只授予父母中的一方单独抚养权。例如，法官可能会将单独监护权判给母亲，而父亲必须支付子女抚养费——定期支付以帮助支付孩子的费用。
知识点：
1.siblings：兄弟姐妹
2.immediate family：直系亲属
3.extended family：大家庭
4.family tree：家谱
5.family members：家庭成员
6.distant relative：远亲；远房亲戚
7.loving family：充满爱的家庭
8.close-knit family：关系密切的家庭
9.carefree childhood：无忧无虑的童年
10.dysfunctional family：功能失调的家庭，不和谐的家庭
11.troubled childhood：问题童年
12.bitter divorce：痛苦的离婚
13.messy divorce：混乱的离婚
14.divorce settlement：离婚协议
15.broken home：破碎的家庭
16.custody of the children：孩子的抚养权
17.grant joint custody：给予共同抚养权
18.sole custody：单独抚养权
19.pay child support：支付子女抚养费
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