新目标英语八年级下学期重点短语与句型 4
一、短语和句子
Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
1.have a __________party for sb. 为某人举行一个惊喜的聚会 2._____________对…生气/恼火
3.______ Friday evening 在星期五晚上 4._____________ 不再 5._____________- 首先
6.________________ 把…传给…7.________________(=be good at )在…方面做得好 8._____________ 勤奋的
9. _____good _________身体健康 10._____________(=final exam)期末考试 11. ________ 成绩单
12 have a hard /difficult time ________sth./________ sth 在…方面很费时间/在…方面不顺利
13.___________原谅/克服… 14._____________听起来像… 15.___________________开阔某人的视野 16._________________ 一天三次 17. Lana thinks she’s coming to my house ____ ______. 劳拉认为她要来我家学习。
18. ___________________(=should)应该,被期望或被要求
19. I am better _____ _______ than ________. 在英语方面,比起听力,我更擅长阅读。
20.How’s it going ?近来好吗? 21. be surprised to do sth . / be surprised at sth.
22.both ……and ……两者都 23._________(=look after ) 照料,照顾
23.__________ high school students in a poor mountain village may not ______ _____ fun to you .对你来说,在一个贫穷的山村里教高中生或许听起来没那么有趣。(sound/ sound like )
24.Her village was 2,000 meters ______sea level , and at first the ______air made her_____ ____.她在的村庄位于海拔2000米以上,起初,稀薄的空气让她感到难受。 (在……之上 above (below) , on , over(under) )
25. There is no difference ______you ____ them .你和他们之间没有什么区别。
二、重要单词
1、(be ) mad (at) (=be angry with ) 2. message (可数名词,=news 不可数名词)
3.(an)envelope 4. lucky(形容词)----___________(名词)----_____________(副词)
5. poor (若其前加the ,表示一类人“穷人”,为复数概念) 6. thin ( 稀薄的, 瘦的) 7. eat ----ate ----eaten
8. fortunately (=luckily ) 9. decision (名词)--____________(动词) 10. return (不能与back 连用,~ +to + 地方)返回
11. danger (不可数名词)---______________(形容词) (be in danger 处于危险中)
12. village (名词:乡村,村庄)-----rural (形容词:乡下的,乡村的)
其他重要单词:anymore , suppose , nervous, disappointing , copy , own , volunteer , graduate , meter, husband , dormitory , influence , hometown ,border.
三、语法
直接引语和间接引语
(一)直接引述别人的原话,叫做直接引语;用自己话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内,间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时,除将引语部分变成宾语从句外,还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。
1. 时态的变化:直接引语变为间接引语时,通常受转述动词said,asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态,即把原来的时态向过去推,也就是一般现在时变
一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时等。例如:
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.” →Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化;根据意义进行相应的变化。如:
He said,“These books are mine.” →He said that those books were his.
(二)直接引语改为间接引语时,都使用陈述语序,但是因为原句的句式不同,所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。
1.陈述句的间接引语:陈述句由直接引语变间接引语,由that引导,可以省略。
“I want the blue one.” he told us. →He told us that he wanted the blue one.
2. 疑问句的间接引语
直接引语如果是疑问句,变成间接引语后,叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序,句末用句号,动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know等间接疑问句一般有三种:
(1).一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,由whether或if 引导。如: “Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” Lucy asked. →Lucy asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital.
(2).特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,仍由原来的疑问词引导。如:
“Which room do you live in?” He asked. “ →He asked me which room I lived in.
(3).选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,由whether…or引导。如:
“Is it your bike or Tom’s? Mum asked. →Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Tom’s.
3. 祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时,间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell,ask,order,beg,request,order等,而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。如:
The teacher said to the students, ”Stop talking.” →The teacher told the students to stop talking.
“Don’t touch anything.” He said. →He told us not to touch anything.
4. 动词时态和代词等的变动
(1). 某些代词,限定词,表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则:
直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语
today that day yesterday the day before
now then, at that moment the day before yesterday two days before
tomorrow the next day / the following day next week/ month etc the next week/month etc
the day after tomorrow two days after, / in two days here there
last week/ month etc the week / month etc. before this that
these those come go
bring take
(2). 如果引述动词为现在时形式,则间接引语中的动词时态,代词,限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时,以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下:现在时间推移到过去的时间(注意:如果直接引语是表示客观规律的,那么时态仍然用一般现在时
一般现在时 →一般过去时; 现在进行时 →过去进行时;
一般将来时 →过去将来时; 现在完成时 →过去完成时;
四、辨析
1、not ……..anymore / not…… any more 不再…….
通常情况下可以互换。但anymore 为副词,any more 中,more 为代词或形容词,当其修饰名词时不能互换。
如:He isn’t a student anymore = He isn’t a student any more
He can’t eat any more bread.(他再也吃不下更多的面包了。) (此时不能替换!!)
2、hard—working / hard work / work(ing) hard
hard--working 为合成形容词,“勤奋的”;hard work :“艰难的工作”,其中hard 为形容词,work为不可数名词;work(ing) hard:“努力地工作”,其中work 为动词,hard为副词。
3. between / among “在……之间”
Between 常与and 连用,表示在二者之间;among 表示在三者及以上之间。
4. true / real “真的”
含义不同。real指客观上存在,并非想象或虚构的,与“无”相对应而言的。
如:He is learning to skate on real ice.
True强调事实和实际情况相符,与“假”相对而言的。 如:What he said is not true .
5. hope/ wish “希望”
hope to do sth . hope for sth. hope (that)+从句 wish to do sth. wish sb to do wish (that) +从句 (虚拟)
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