英语学习资料
被动语态
一、概念及构成
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。其结构由：“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词无被动语态结构。
二、被动语态的时态
1、一般现在时态：am / is / are +动词的过去分词
eg. This kind of machine is made in China . This kind of machine isn't made in China.
Is this kind of machine made in China ?
2、一般过去时态：was / were +动词的过去分词
eg. The trees were planted last year. The trees weren't planted last year.
Were the trees planted last year ?
3、含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be +动词的过去分词
eg. The book can be taken away. The book can't be taken away.
Can the book be taken away ?
三、主动语态变为被动语态的方法：
1、把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语；2、把原主动句的谓语改为被动形式，
即：be +过去分词；3、原来主动句的主语，放在介词by 后，做其宾语，此结构视情况可以省略。如：
They visited the city two years ago. （主动语态）
主语 谓语 宾语
→ The city was visited by them two years ago. （被动语态）
主语 谓语 宾语
四、主动语态变成被动语态需注意的几个问题
1、主动句中若有两个宾语，只将其中一个宾语变成被动句的主语，另一个不变。一般情况下，往往把表示人的宾语变成被动句的主语；如果把表示物的宾语变为被动句的主语，则要在表示人的宾语前加介词to或for。常见的带双宾语的动词(V+sb. + sth. )：show, tell, ask , pass, , give, lend, send , return , teach,buy。
eg. Jim gives me a beautiful present for my birthday.
I am given a beautiful present for my birthday.
OR A beautiful present is given to me for my birhtday.
2、在主动句中动词make , let , have , see , hear, feel 等后接动词不定式做宾语补足语时，动词不定式须去掉to , 当变成被动句时，后面的不定式都须加上to。 如：
A small boy saw him enter the house. → He was seen to enter the house (by a small boy).
Mother makes her do much housework . →She is made to do much housework by Mother.
3、若主动句中的谓语动词为“动词短语”或由“不及物动词+介词或副词”构成时，变成被动语态时，注意不要省略掉动词后的介词或副词。如：
We should speake to the old politely. →The old should be spoken to politely(by us) .
4、主动句的谓语动词为have(has,had) to , be going to , be able to 的被动语态为：
have (has, had) to / be going to / be able to +be +动词的过去分词。即：相当于情态动词的被动语态用法。
如：He is able to help you . →You are able to be helped by him.
5、某些可和well ， easily 等副词连用的不及物动词，如read， write， wash， clean ， draw， burn 等，不用被动，
如：The cloth washes well。 This kind of food sells well。
6、连系动词用主动表被动
7、need+doing表被动。如：The flowers need watering.
8、被动结构作定语时，位置后置且无be动词。如：
a girl called Mary 一个被叫做玛丽的女孩
9、易混淆的几组被动式短语：be made in / from/ of / by be used by / as / for / to
练习
一、选择
1、He was made _______everyting. A. to tell B. tell C. told
2、Last year a present _____Tom by his friend.
A. was given B. gave C. was given to
3、The foreign teacher ____John come s from England .
A. was called B. called C. calls
4、The car accident _____yesterday. A. happened B. was happened C. happens
5、In warm weather fruit and meat ____long.
A. can't kept B. can't be kept C.doesn't keep
6、 The pen ____well. A. writes B. is written C. was written
7、The kind of car is made ______that factory. A. by B. in C. of
8、English is spoken ____the second language ___ many people in China.
A. by, by B. as, by C. as, as
9. In fact , the Christmas presents _____by our parents.
A. give to us B. are given to us C. have given us D. gave us
10. The children _____twelve hours a day.
A. were made to work B. were made work C. made to work D. make working
11. It _______that there was an accident.
A. reports B. reported C. is reported D. has reported
12.. The flowers ______.
A. are watering B. watered C. water D. have been watered
13. English _____a very useful working language at international meetings.
A. is spoken B. is used C. is used by D. is used as
14. The students are always _____Chinese every morning.
A. kept reading B. keeping reading C. kept to read D. keeping to read
15. The young men _____playing football on the ground by the boys.
A. were watching B. watched C. were watched D. watch
16. The League _____in May , 1922.
A. found B. was founded C. founded D. was found
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