翻译准则：
1． 词汇
2． 语法
3． 英语思维
四六级翻译样题：
剪纸(papercutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史,在明朝和清朝时期(theMing and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间,剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间,以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色,象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎,经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。
参考译文:Paper cutting is one of most popular traditional folk arts in China. Chinese paper cuttinghas a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly duringthe Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautifytheir homes with paper cuttings. During theSpring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings areused to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used inpaper cutting is red, which symbolizes health andprosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world andit is often given as a present to foreign friends.
以下是我们总结的几大翻译话题，供大家参考练习
一、京剧Peking Opera
京剧，号称东方歌剧，是地道的中国国粹，可以追溯到1790年。那年，4个徽剧戏班子奉诏进京表演。京剧的一大特点是在人物的脸上涂上各种颜色，以象征这个人物的性格和品质。简单的讲，红脸含有褒义，代表忠勇；黑脸代表智慧；蓝脸和绿脸代表草莽英雄；黄脸和白脸代表奸诈；金脸和银脸代表神秘或超自然力量。现如今，京剧也成了颇受人们欢迎的艺术形式之一，广受推崇。
Peking Opera，known as the Eastern Opera，is a purely one of bestparts of Chinese culture，it can dates back tothe year of 1790. In that year，four local opera troupes of Anhui province came to Beijing on a performance tour. For the paintedroles, a special feature of Peking Opera, the different colors of the facesrepresent different characters andpersonalities. Generally, red stands for uprightness and loyalty, black means wisdom, blue and green indicate the vigorous and rebellious heroes,yellow and white represent cunning andgold and silver represent mystic orsuper-natural power. Nowadays, Peking Opera has became one of the mostpopular arts among people and widespreadall over the country.
二、丝绸之路 TheSilk Road
丝绸之路实际上是很多条中国通往古罗马商路的总称。古代丝绸之路的起点是中国当时的古都长安（现在的西安），终点在地中海东岸，几乎有一半路程穿越新疆。丝绸之路始于汉武帝时期，不仅是佛教进入中国的通道，而且路上商旅往来络绎不绝。元朝时，丝绸之路逐渐被日益繁荣的海上贸易所取代。丝绸之路还是一条友谊之路，在政治、经济、文化方面发挥了纽带的作用。
The Silk Road isthe joint name given to a number of trade routes linking China and ancient Rome. The ancient silk road had its start in Chang’an(nowXi’an), the capital of then China, and its terminus on the eastern coast ofthe Mediterranean, with nearly half of itrunning across Xinjiang. The Silk Road beganduring the time of emperor Wudi of the Han dynasty, is not only an importantroute for Buddhism to enter china, but also an endless stream of merchants andbusiness travelers. In the Yuan dynasty, the silk road gradually gave the wayto the rapidly developing sea trade. The Silk Roadwas also a road of friendship, linking the west and the east economically,politically and culturally.
三、中国新年 ChineseNew Year
中国的新年，又称春节。这是合家欢聚的日子，家里人都要赶回来，就像西方的圣诞节一样。不过，我们是在农历的一月一日过新年，一般会比阳历晚一个月。过年的时候，小辈们先向父母和祖父母祝贺新年快乐，之后就会收到红包。我们还可以在见面的时候互相说：“恭喜发财，新年快乐，生意兴隆”等问候语以衬托过年喜庆的节日气氛。
The Chinese New Year, also called the spring festival, is anoccasion of reunion for family members. The same thing happen in the west forthe Christmas. However, the Chinese New Year falls on the January 1stof the lunar calendar, which comes usually later than the same date of the Gregoriancalendar. There is money in the red envelop, given by parents and grandparentsto kids as New Year gift after they wish the elders a happy new year. We alsocan deliver some words like “wish you a good fortune，wish you a happy new year，wish you a prosperous business” toadd the joyous atmosphere for the spring festival.
四、中国少数民族
中国是一个统一的多民族国家，有56个民族。目前，中国共有55个少数民族，人口一亿多，占全国总人口的12%左右；民族自治地区面积超过600万平方公里，占国土总面积的64.2%。由于独特的自然环境，社会条件和经济发展水平，我国各民族人民发展了各自独特的风俗习惯，包括饮食、服饰和礼仪。一般来说，汉族人主食喜欢吃大米、白面，吃蔬菜、豆类及鱼肉蛋，并十分注重烹调艺术。
China is a unified multi-ethnic country with 56 ethnic nationalities. More than 100 million ofpopulation, or about 12 percent of China’s total population are from 55 ethnic minorities. Ethnic autonomous regions cover over 6 million square km, making up 64.2 percent of China’s territory. China’s different peoples have developed individual customs regarding food, clothing and etiquette, in response to their own particular environments, social conditions and levels of economic development. Generally, the Han people take rice and flour as their staple diet, love to eat vegetables, beans, meat, fish and eggs, and pay particular attention to the art of cooking.
五、工艺品
中国的民间手工艺有很悠久的历史。首当其冲的就是玉，在中国，玉器有七八千年的历史。公元前3,500年左右开始，中国就有玉雕工艺了。常见的玉器有花、鸟、兽和人物，特别是传说里漂亮的仙女。还有很多别的工艺品，比如各种各样的刺绣、地毯、泥人儿和面人儿、剪纸、风筝、彩灯等等。为了继承和发扬我国优秀的传统工艺，全国成立了两百多所专门的工艺美术学院和职业学校。
China’s folk arts and crafts have a very long history. First we shouldcome to the jade which has a history of seven to eight thousands years inchina. The art of jade carving has been in existence in china since around 3500B.C. the common Jadewares includes the jade of flowers, birds, animals andhuman figures, especially the beautiful women from fairy tales or legends. Thereare lots of other arts and crafts such as embroidery，carpet，clay and dough toys，paper cuts，kites，and colored lanterns and so on. In order to inherit and carryforward our fine traditional arts and crafts, over 200 colleges and specializedvocational schools of arts and crafts have been set up nationwide.
六、中国老龄问题
我国目前60岁以上人口超过一亿五千万，约占总人口数的12%。这个数字超过世界上任何一个国家。老龄人口正以3.2%的平均增长率增长。到本世纪中期，老年人总人数将超过四亿，占当时总人口数的30%以上。为了改善老年人的生活，政府和社会已经做了大量的工作。目前工作的重点是改革和完善社会保障体系，争取使所有的退休老人都能及时拿到退休金。
China’s population over 60 totals more than 150 million, or nearly12 percent of the total, a figure bigger than that of any other countries in theworld .China’s a aging population is growing at an average rate of 3.2 percent, and it will exceed 400 million by the middle of this century , or more than30 percent of the total population. The government and the society as a wholehave made great efforts to improve the life of the elderly. Currently, thepriority is to reform and improve the social security system in order to ensureall retired people receive their pensions on time.
七、青少年教育
关于青少年教育，有两个问题特别值得注意：一是独生子女的教育问题，二是青少年犯罪问题。对于家长来说，怎样教育孩子是一门大学问。我们为父母提供咨询服务，反应一直很好。另外，青少年犯罪是另一大大问题。去年，全国抓获青少年犯罪分子近7万人，占全国所有犯罪人数的9.1%。国家通过了新的《未成年人保护法》，就是要求家庭、学校、社会、司法部门几个方面齐抓共管，以保证青少年的健康成长。
There are two major concerns in theeducation of teenagers that deserve our attention; the education of the only child in a family and the issueof juvenile delinquency.For us parents, there is much to learn in the education of our children, The counselingservice we have provided to parents has been well received.
Juveniledelinquency is another major concern. Nearly 70,000 juvenile delinquents werearrested last year, accounting for 9.1 percent of the total criminal suspectsarrested nationwide.The newly revised “Law on the Protection of Minors” expectsfamilies, schools, society and judicial departments to work together to ensurea healthy development of the youngsters in China.
八、妇女权益
我们国家一贯重视培养妇女教育工作者，积极改善她们的工作和生活条件，支持她们从事教育工作。但是我们要看到，在经济快速发展过程中，有出现了许多新问题，如一些企业的妇女被迫下岗；一些妇女因为专业资历不够，无法胜任新的工作；一些用人单位提高招收女性的条件等。我们希望能够通过各种会议讨论这些问题，以应对新的挑战，真正保护好妇女权益。
The Chinese government attaches great importance to training womeneducational workers and makes earnestefforts to improve their working and living conditions. Yet, we have to realizethat many new problems have emerged in the course of rapid economicdevelopment. Some women workers are laid off from enterprises. Some women findthemselves unable to take those newly created jobs because of their lack ofprofessional qualifications. Some employers set a higher standard for womenwhen recruiting employees. Our conference will focus on these issues so as toface new challenges and truly protect the rights and interests of women.
九、农民生活变化
农村改革之后，农村的农业生产和乡镇企业都有了很大的发展，村里家家户户都有了存款，都有了自己的新房子。都购置了彩色电视机、vcd机、卡拉ok机，还有的年轻人买摩托，这些可都是他们以前从来没有想过的。另外一个非常显著的变化就是农民的身体都越来越健康，越来越硬朗，一般看起来都比实际年龄要小，要年轻。子女接受的教育也越来越好，使家庭的未来以及自己的未来更加有保障。
Since the ruralreform, the agricultural production and the village and township enterpriseshave had a big growth, and every housed in my village has some savings andtheir own houses. They also enjoy the color TV sets, VCD players, KalaOKmachines and some young people buy Motorbikes which they had never dreamed of. Anotherobvious change is the farmers have been enjoying a better physical conditionwhich could hardly tell their true age from the facial appearance. Theirchildren have received a better education which can make sure a wonderfulfuture both their family and children.
十、铁路提速
近来，中国又一次进行了全国铁路提速，这是第五次。并且列车上为乘客增设了最新设施，如液晶电视机、宽带连接口。实际上，以往铁路提速之后，一些在中小城市车站停靠的列车数量便减少了，给当地居民造成了一些不便。他们必须到大一些的站才能坐上较舒适的列车。当然，现在我们铁路部门也为他们提供更多的列车，以照顾中小城市居民的利益，目的就是合理利用资源。
Recently, Chinaonce again increased train speeds on nationwide railway lines, the fifth of itskind. As you’ve noticed,this train provides passengers with some latest facilities, such as LCD TV setsand broadband Internet access. Infact, previous train speed accelerations have decreased the number of trainsthat call at small and medium-sized cities, resulting in inconveniences tolocal residents, they have to go bigger stations to have more comfortablejourney. The railway departments are considering to more trains to meet theneeds of residents in small and medium-sized cities,Our aim is to use railway resources effectively.
十一、中国功夫
武术又称功夫，在中国已经有1000年历史了。中国的劳动人民练习武术以强身健体和自我保护，武术至今仍大受欢迎。中国武术还引 起了外国人的兴趣，在全世界不少国家，都有人学习武术。练习武术有各种各样的固定套路，有的要赤手空拳，有的要拿武器。武术是中国特有的民族运动，它可以锻炼身体，培养意志力，训练打斗技巧。
Wushu, known as Kongfu or martial arts, has a history of a thousandyears in China.The working people in Chinapractice Wushu for physical training and self-defense and Wushu is stillimmensely popular today. Chinese Wushu has also aroused interest amongforeigners and is taught in many countries throughout the world. Wushu ispracticed in various types of set exercises, either bare-handed or withweapons. A unique Chinese national sport, Wushu builds strong bodies, steelsthe willpower and gives training in fighting skills.
十二、中秋节
中秋节吃月饼就像西方人圣诞节吃百果馅饼一样，是必不可少的。圆圆的月饼中通常包有香甜的莲子馅或是红豆馅，馅的中央还会加上一个金黄的咸鸭蛋黄来代表月亮。而月亮正是中秋节庆祝的主题。每年农历8月15日人们一起庆祝中秋，据说这一天的月亮是一年中最亮最圆的。
Mooncakes are to Mid-Autumn Festival what mince pies are to Christmas.The seasonal round cakes traditionally have a sweet filling of lotus seed pasteor red bean paste and often have one or more salted duck eggs in the center torepresent the moon. And the moon is what this celebration is all about.Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th month, it is the time whenthe moon is said to be at its brightest and fullest.
十三、中国礼仪茶文化
中国是文明古国，礼仪之邦，很重礼节。凡来了客人，沏茶、敬茶的礼仪是必不可少的。当有客来访，可征求意见，选用最合来客口味的茶叶和最佳茶具待客。主人在陪伴客人饮茶时，要注意客人杯、壶中的茶水残留量，一般用茶杯泡茶，如已喝去一半，就要添加开水，随喝随添，使茶水浓度基本保持前后一致，水温适宜。在饮茶时也可适当佐以茶食、糖果、菜肴等，达到调节口味和点心之功效。
China is a country with a time-honoredcivilization and a land of ceremony and decorum. Whenever guests visit, it isnecessary to make and serve tea to them. Before serving tea, you may ask themfor their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy and serve them the teain the most appropriate teacups. In the course of serving tea, the host shouldtake careful note of how much water is remaining in the cups and in the kettle.Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boiling water should be added afterhalf of the cup has been consumed; and thus the cup is kept filled so that thetea retains the same bouquet and remains pleasantly warm throughout the entirecourse of tea-drinking. Snacks, sweets and other dishes may be served at teatime to complement the fragrance of the tea and to allay one's hunger.
未完待续……
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