情况
| 构成方法
| 例词
| 读音
|
1. 一般情况
| 在词尾加-s
| desk→desks
map→maps
| -s在清辅音后发[s]音
|
day→days
girl→girls
| -s在元音和浊辅音后发[z]
|
2. 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词
| 在词尾加-es
| bus →buses
box→boxes
watch→watches
fish→fishes
| es发[iz]音
|
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词
| 变y为i再加-es
| family→families
factory→factories
party→parties
| -ies发[iz]音
|
以元音字母加y结尾的词
| 直接加s
| day→days
boy→boys
key→keys
| -s发[z]音
|
4. 以f或fe 结尾的词
| 变f或fe为v再加-es
| knife→knives
life→lives
wife→wives
half→halves
| -ves发[vz]音
|
5. 以辅音字母加o结尾的词
| 在词尾加-es
| potato→potatoes
tomato→tomatoes
hero→ heroes
| -es发[z]音
|
|
| radio→radios
zoo→zoos
| -s发[z]音
|
单、复数同形的词有:sheep羊 fish鱼 deer鹿 people人,人们 police警察。
不规则复数形式的词有:man
—men人,男人 woman
—women妇女 policeman
—policemen男警察 policewoman-policewomen 女警察 mouse
—mice老鼠,鼠标 tooth
—teeth牙齿 child-children 孩子,儿童 foot
—feet脚,英尺。
复合名词的复数形式:a man teacher
—two men teachers a woman doctor
—two women doctors
三、名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下:
(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加
’s。如
:Children’s Day(儿童节),
my sister’s book(我姐姐的书)
(2)以
s或
es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加
’。如:
Teachers’ Day(教师节)
(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加
’s. 如:
today’s newspaper(今天的报纸)
, ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息)
, five minutes
’ walk五分钟的步行
.(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的名词,均可用介词
of短语来表示所有关系。如:
a friend of my mother 我妈妈的一个朋友。 t
he front door of the house 那屋子的前门 [注意
]:
①Tom
’s and Jim
’s + 复数名词, 意为“Tom和Jim分别所有的。。。。。。”
②
两人共有某物时,可以采用
A and B’s 的形式,如:
Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)
③ “
of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”, 称为双重所有格, 如:
a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友)
, a friend of mine (我的一位朋友
)练 习一、写出下列词的复数 1.book__________ 2.bus ___________ 3.orange __________ 4.baby_________
5.boy_____________ 6.city _________ 7.man __________ 8.knife___________
9.watch____________10.sheep_____________11.tooth____________12.leaf ____________
13.German________________14.Chinese_________ 15.house __________
二、选择正确的答案( )1.—Are those ______?
---No, they aren’t. They’re _____.
A. sheep ; cows B. sheep ; cow C. sheeps ; cow D. sheeps ; cows
( )2.Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ____.
A. two orange B. two bottles of orange
C. two bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges
( )3.I have got ___ news from my friend. Do you want to know?
A. a very good B. any
C. a piece of D. two pieces
( )4.___ room is on the 5th floor.
A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily’s
C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy’s and Lily’s
( ) 5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a ____ to his office.
A. 20 minutes’ walk B. 20 minute’s walk
C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk
( ) 6.Jack and Tom are ____.
A. good friends B. good friend
C. a good friend D. good a friend
( ) 7.It’s only about ten ____ walk to the nearest post office.
A. minutes B. minute’s C. minutes’ D. minute
( ) 8.He often has ____ for breakfast.
A. two breads B. two piece of breads
C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads
( ) 9.Mrs. Green has two ____. They’re very bright.
A. childs B. child C. children’s D. children
( ) 10.What did the headmaster say about Jim’s ______.
A. two months holiday B. two months’ holiday
C. two-month holiday D. two month’s holidays
( ) 11.I won’t go there with you, for I have a lot of ____ to do.
A. works B. job C. work D. working
( ) 12.Li Lei is a friend of ___.
A. I sister B. my sister’s C. me sister D. my sister of
( ) 13.Have you read ____?
A. today’s B. today paper
C. the today’s paper D. today’s paper
( ) 14.How many ___ are there in the room?
A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxxes
( ) 15.Many ____ have been built in our city since 1987.
A. factorys B. factories C. factoryes D. factorys
( ) 16.There are lots of ___ in the basket on the table.
A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss
( ) 17.The cat caught two ___ last night.
A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices
( ) 18.Jack went to have two ___ pulled out yesterday afternoon.
A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes
( ) 19.In our school there are fifty-five ___.
A. women teachers B. woman teachers
C. women teacher D. woman’s teacher
( )20.The three ___ will be put into prison.
A. thiefs B. thief C. thieves D. thiefs’