2019中考英语时态和语态易错点

动词的时态和语态

易错点1  一般过去时和现在完成时的混用

典例分析

I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I _____________ too busy.

 A. was  B. had been  C. would be  D. would have been

【错因分析】此题容易误选B或D，认为前句用了had hoped，这里是表示＂我本来希望去车站为她送行的，但是我太忙了＂，忙是过去的一个事实，而B是过去完成时，表示过去的过去发生的动作；D项的＂would have been＂是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是＂本来会做＂，均与语境不符，所以此处不能选B或D。

【参考答案】A

易错点2  一般过去时和过去进行时的混用

典例分析

The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant ___________ in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.

A. gave  B. gives  C. was giving  D. had given

【错因分析】有些考生看到was worried about就马上想到要用一般过去时，于是误选A。根据句意可知，give所表示的动作和was worried这一动作是同时发生的，指在担心的时候give这一动作正在进行，因此要用过去进行时。

【参考答案】C

易错点3  一般过去时和过去完成时的混用

典例分析

—Got your driving license?

—No. I ______ too busy to have enough practice, so I didn’t take the driving test last week.

A. was  B. am  C. have been  D. had been

【错因分析】问句中Got your driving license? 为Have you got your driving license? 的省略表达，该句对选项无影响。决定选项动词时态的是答句中的so I didn’t take the driving test last week，分析句意可知，动作发生在后一动作之前，表示过去的过去，故应用过去完成时。

【参考答案】D

易错点4  一般现在时表示将来

典例分析

1. You’d better write down her phone number before you ________ it.

A. forget  B. are forgetting  C. forgot  D. will forget

【错因分析】此题考生易误选D项，认为forget根据语境可以知道是将来可能会发生的动作，因此要用一般将来时，而忽略了时间状语从句中＂主将从现＂这一原则。

【试题解析】句意：你最好记下电话号码以免忘记。before引导一个表示＂将来＂的时间状语从句。英语的时间状语从句中不用will do，排除D项；B项表示＂据安排或计划近期要做某事＂；C项表示＂过去＂。

【参考答案】A

2. He is very busy. I don’t know if he ________________ or not tomorrow.

A. come  B. comes  C. will come   D. is coming

【错因分析】此题容易误选 B，认为if引导的是条件状语从句，从句谓语要遵循＂主将从现＂原则，即要用一般现在时表示将来意义。其实，句中 if引导的不是条件状语从句（即 if≠如果），而是宾语从句（即 if＝是否）。

【参考答案】C

易错点5  被动语态和主动语态的误用

典例分析

1. —Do you like the material?

—Yes, it _____________ very soft.

A. is feeling    C. feels     B. felt     D. is felt

【错因分析】此题容易误选 D，想当然地根据＂这布料摸起来很柔软＂这一句意，认为＂布料＂应是＂被摸＂，所以feel选用了被动语态。

【参考答案】C

2. While waiting for the opportunity to get _____________ (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty. （单句语法填空）

【错因分析】本题易误填promoting。

【试题解析】While waiting for the opportunity to...是＂While he was waiting for the opportunity to...＂的省略，Henry和promote之间是被动关系，应该使用被动语态，此处为＂get+动词的过去分词＂，故填promoted。

【参考答案】promoted

3. —Excuse me, is the book Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell available now?

—Sorry, but it _________ (sell) so well that we don’t have any in store. （单句语法填空）

【错因分析】本题易误填is sold。

【参考答案】sells