【外文翻译】创客思维模式（Maker Mindset）

     Dale Dougherty
戴尔·多尔蒂
写在前面：
DaleDougherty是《Make》杂志创始人、发行人。一直致力于创客运动的推广以及通过创客重塑教育社区的新形态。作为发表于2012年一本创客教育的著作中的第一篇，作者以创客运动推广者的角度，在文中阐述了创客运动的一些属性与特征，创客思维的培养，他对创客教育功能一些思考和实施创客教育的一些理念和思路。为了不因译者蹩脚的英文翻译水平，特分段翻译，同附原文以便各位勘误与深入理解。
本文英文的著作权归于原作者与出版社?，本翻译版本归本人所有，如需转载中文或中英文版本，请注明出处。
The Maker Movement continues to gain momentum. We can see theGrowthof maker communities online as well as the development ofphysical community workspaces,called makerspaces, and the spread ofMaker Faire around the world. The MakerMovement is spurred by theintroduction of new technologies such as 3D printingand the Arduinomicrocontroller; new opportunities created by fasterprototyping andfabrication tools as well as easier sourcing of parts anddirectdistribution of physical products online; and the increasingparticipationof all kinds of people in interconnected communities,defined by interests andskills online aswell as hyper-local efforts to convene those who sharecommongoals.
创客运动进展如火如荼。我们可以看到在线的创客社区与现实中被称为创客空间的社区工作空间同步增长，创客嘉年华在全球广泛开展。诸如3D打印技术、arduino微控制器等新科技的引入，激励着创客运动的发展。零件和实物产品的网络直接配送、更快的原型开发和制造工具，这一切都创造着新的机遇。同时，有各种兴趣和技能的人们不断参与到互相连接的在线社区，起到凝聚跨区域的、具有共同目标的人们作用。
Yet the origin of the Maker Movement is found in somethingquitepersonal: what I might call “experimental play”. When Istarted Make magazine, I recognized that makerswere enthusiasts whoplayed with technology to learn about it. A new technologypresentedan invitation to play, and makers regard this kind of play ashighlysatisfying. Makers give it a try; they take things apart; andthey try to dothings that even the manufacturer did not thing ofdoing. Whether it isfiguring out what you can do with a 3D printeror an autonomous drone aircraft,makers are exploring what thesethings can do and they are learning as well.Out of that processemerge new ideas, which may lead to real-world applicationsor newbusinessventures. Making is a source of innovation.
然而，创客运动的初衷可能被认为带有相当的个人色彩，我称之为“玩实验（experimentalplay）”。当我创立《Make》杂志时，我意识到，创客是那些通过玩技术而学技术的狂热爱好者。一项新技术就如同一个玩耍的邀约，而且创客把这样的玩耍视为高级享受。创客勇于尝试，喜欢拆卸东西，甚至他们尝试做一些生产厂家还没有想去做的一些新玩意儿。无论你是否想到3D打印机和自主无人机能干些什么，创客们已经开始探索这些东西的用途，并同时学习。在此过程中迸发出的新想法，或许能引向真实世界中的应用，和新的商业风险投资。可以说，动手造是创新（innovation,革新）之源
While technology has been the spark of Maker Movement, it hasalsobecome a social movement that includes all kinds of making andall kinds ofmakers, connecting to the past as well as changing howwe look at the future.Indeed, the Maker Movement seems to be arenewal of some deeply held culturevalues, a recognition rooted inour history and culture that making comes todefine us. As FrankBidart has written in his poem “Advice to the Players”: “Wearecreatures who need to make”.
在技术已然成为创客运动的亮点的同时，创客运动已然成为一个社会运动，其中包含了各种类型的制作和形形色色的创客，也连接着过去和改变着我们对未来看法。实际上，创客运动可以被看作是对植根于我们历史和文化中的，注重动手创造的深层文化价值观的重新诠释。正如FrankBidart在诗中写道，“我们是一种需要创造的生物”。
All together, makers are seeking an alternative to being regardedasconsumers, rejecting the idea that you are defined by what youbuy. Instead,makers have a sense of what they can do and what theycan learn to do. Likeartists, they are motivated by internal goals,not extrinsic rewards. They areinspired by the work of others. Mostimportantly, they do not wait until thefuture to create and make.They feel an urgency to do something now—or lose theopportunity todo it at all.
总的来说，创客们总在找机会从消费者角色中转变过来，拒绝被自己所购买的东西所局限。取而代之，他们有一种能干点什么或者能学着干点什么的意识。像艺术家一样，他们由内在目标的驱动而非外部回报。他们被他人的作品所激励。最重要的是，他们迫不及待地要去创造。他们觉得如果现在不做点什么，那么就永远失去做这件事情的机会了。
Making is no longer, however, a mainstream activity oraspiration,although it once was a core attribute of the Americanmiddle class. Today,making lives on the margins of society, but itis thriving nonetheless. Makersare likely to see themselves asoutsiders, like some artists and writers, whodo not follow thetraditional paths. They create their own paths, which is whatinnovative and creative peopledo. Quite simply, we need to encourage moreyoung people to explore,create, discover, and make their own way.
在美国的中学课堂上，动手造曾经是一个核心的技能，然而今日已非主流的活动了。在今天，动手造生存在社会的边缘，但它依旧蓬勃发展。创客们似乎把自己看作局外人，就像某些不走寻常路的艺术家和作家一样。他们独辟蹊径，如同那些发明家和创新者。同样，我们需要鼓励更多的年轻人取探索、创新、发现，去开辟属于自己的道路。
The biggest challenge and the biggest opportunity for theMakerMovement is to transform education. My hope is that the agentsof change willbe the students themselves. Increasingly, technologyhas given students morecontrol over their lives, and even simplestcell-phone can change a person’ssense of agency. Students areseeking to direct their own education lives,looking to engage increative and stimulating experiences. Many understand thedifferencebetween the pain ofeducation and the pleasure of reallearning.Unfortunately, they are forced to seek opportunities outsideofschool to express themselves and to demonstrate what they cando.