定语从句的基本用法知识网

Ⅱ定语从句的基本用法知识网。

关系词	先行词	从句成分	例句	备注
关系代词	who	人	主语	Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?	whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that
whom	人	宾语	Mr. Smith i s the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose	人，物	定语	I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate.
that	人，物	主语宾语	A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.

which	物	主语宾语	The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as	人，物	主语宾语	He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.	as做宾语一般不省略
关系副词	when	时间	时间状语	I will never forget the day when we met there.	可用on which
where	地点	地点状语	This is the house where I was born.	可用in which
why	原因	原因状语	I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.	可用for which

Ⅱ. as与which的区别

定语从句	区别	例句
限制性定语从句　中	名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用which	He is not such a fool as he looks.Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
非限制性定语从句中	as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。	They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.

Ⅲ.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：

类别	语法意义及特征	例句
限制性定语从句	对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。	The accident happened at the time when I left.
非限制性定语从句	对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。	His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.

一．考点聚焦

1. 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句的区别

◆ I’ll never forget the day______________.(我参军的)(forget)。

◆ I’ll never forget the day __________________.(我们一起度过的)(spend)。

2. 介词加关系代词的结构

※ This is the office in__________ work.(我过去工作过)(use)。

※ I’d like you to explain the reason why /for______________(你为什么没来)。(absent)

※ Here are the questions ,_________________(其中一些我认为对你来说有难度)。(difficult)

※ There used to be a time_____________________.(中国人为自由而奋斗的)(struggle)。

3. 定语从句需要注意事项

■ 主谓一致问题

Tom is the only one of the students _________awarded. Tom 是当时获奖的学生之一。

The Smiths,__________ now downstairs ,are asking to see you. Smiths夫妇要见你，他们在楼下。

■ 宜用that的情况

Here is the hotel____________(.你一直在找的)(look)。

The school is quite different from the one___________.这所学校已和原来迥然不同了。(used)

Who is the person __________at the gate? (站在门口的)(stand)

I did nothing __________.(伤害你的事)(hurt)。

Do you know the things and persons_______________?(他们在谈论的人)(talk)

He is the last person_____________.(想见的人)(see)。

■ as 和which 的用法

You pretended not to know me,_________________.(我真不明白)(understand)。

I bought my sister a big toy ,____________ greatly.(这使她非常高兴)(delight)。

There was a net café around here ,____________.(我记得)(remember)。

Einstein ,_____________ ,is a famous scientist.(众所周知)(as)。

■ the same……as /that from where的用法

I met the same person___________.(昨天我看见的)(see)。

She climbed up to the top of the hill , __________she could have a good view of the whole town.

她登上山顶，从那里她可以一览全城风光。

4. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别

☆ The fact ___________ was a strong proof.(他提供的)(present)。

☆ The fact____________ surprised us all./That she hadn’t said anything surprised us all.(她什么事也没说)（say）

5. 定语从句和同位语从句

The news __________excited us all.（我们队赢得这 场比赛）(win)。

The news__________ this morning is not true at all.(收音机播送)(broadcast)。

The question ____________has not been discussed.我们应当去哪里的问题还没有讨论(go)。