高中阶段的英语学习，非谓语内容看似比较庞杂，其实是有规律可循的。我们只需弄清楚三点即可：非谓语动词的形式；每种非谓语形式的含义；非谓语动词的解题方法。今天，我们先来看看近几年高考是怎样考查非谓语动词的。
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1．(2015·安徽，27改编)__Ignoring__(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
解析：设空处位于句首，考虑句中可能缺少主语或状语，再分析句子成分，句中已有谓语动词will be，句中缺少的是主语，再根据句意可知应用动名词形式。句意为：忽视这两种研究结果的差异将是你所犯的最严重错误之一。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语部分是will be，one of the worst mistakes是表语，you make是省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰mistakes。很显然，________the difference between the two research findings是主语部分，结合语境可知设空处用动名词作主语。答案为Ignoring。
2．(2014·四川，5改编)The manager was satisfied to see many new products__developed__(develop) after great effort.
解析：提示词为动词，且句中已有谓语was satisfied to see，便会考虑此处为“动词(see/hear/feel/watch/notice等)＋名词或代词＋宾补”结构；再根据所给的动词和其逻辑主语的关系确定答案。句意为：经过一番努力之后，看到许多新产品被开发出来，经理感到很满意。此处为see sth. done结构，动词develop与宾语many new products之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补表示被动、已完成，故答案为developed。
3．(2014·广东，25)We got a little __sunburned或sunburnt__(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.
解析：给出的提示词为动词，并且句中也有了谓语动词got，考虑设空处应用非谓语动词形式；再分析sunburn与其逻辑主语we的关系可判断应用过去分词形式。本题考查“get＋过去分词”表示状态。got在该题中为连系动词，且sunburn与we之间为动宾关系，故应用过去分词作表语。因此，答案为sunburned或sunburnt。
4．(2014·天津，5改编)Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only__to_find__(find) it didn't fit.
解析：给出的提示词为动词，句中已有谓语动词took和tried，故此处考虑用非谓语动词作状语；再根据空前的only及句意可判断此处为“only＋不定式”结构。句意为：她急切地从包裹里拿出裙子穿上，结果发现它不合身。only to do表示出乎意料的结果。故填to find。
5．(2015·课标全国Ⅰ，70)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people __living__(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
解析：分析句子结构快速找到谓语动词arranges，从而判断此处应填非谓语动词；再根据句意可知，逻辑主语people与live之间为主动关系，最后确定填现在分词形式。句意为：香港的一家旅游公司Abercrombie & Kent说，他们经常在这儿为上海人和香港人安排方便的度假。
6．(2015·北京，21改编)__To_catch__(catch) the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
解析：To catch在此作目的状语。句意：为了赶上早航班，我们提前订了出租车并且起得很早。
7．(2015·北京，23改编)The park was full of people，__enjoying__(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.
解析：enjoying为现在分词作伴随状语，与people形成逻辑上的主谓关系。句意：公园里人山人海，他们在沐浴着阳光愉快地玩耍。
8．(2015·天津，5改编)__Absorbed__(absorb) in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching.
解析：动词absorb有“使专心”之意，常见短语be absorbed in，所以用过去分词作原因状语。
9．(2015·天津，8改编)__Having_worked__(work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
解析：该题逻辑主语是Steve，与动词work是主谓关系，已知谓语动词为managed to finish，“成功完成”，比较动作work和已知谓语可知，先工作两天，才成功完成，因此用可表示发生在已知谓语动词之前的having worked。
10．(2015·陕西，17改编)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on __to_thank__(thank) all the people who had helped in her career.
解析：go on后接to do或doing作宾语均可以，但是go on doing表示“继续干同一件事”，而go on to do则表示“继续干另一件事”。由语境可知，Anne Benedict在接受奖项后又继续干另一件事，即：感谢帮助过她的人，故要用动词不定式作宾语。句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖项之后，Anne Benedict继续感谢所有曾经在她的职业生涯中帮助过她的人。
11．(2015·陕西，18改编)Back from his two－year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother __taken__(take) good care of at home.
解析：分析结构可知，此处是“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，宾语补足语可以是do，doing或者done。若宾语与补语之间为主谓关系，且强调动作的全过程，用省略to的动词不定式，即do；若宾语与补语之间为主谓关系，且强调动作正在进行，用doing；若宾语与补语之间为动宾关系，用过去分词作宾补。此处his mother与take good care of之间为动宾关系，要用taken作宾补。句意：在非洲医疗服务两年后回来，李博士看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好，他很高兴。
12．(2015·浙江，18改编)Listening to music at home is one thing；going to hear it __being_performed__(perform) live is quite another.
解析：由live(现场直播)可知“听到音乐正在被演奏”，故填being performed。
13．(2015·湖南，30改编)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，__wondering__(wonder) whether to stay or leave.
解析：句意：当店员看到一张慈祥的脸上挤出一副抱歉的笑容时，她愣愣地站在了那里，不知是去还是留。此句的谓语动词是stood，所以wonder在此用－ing形式作伴随状语。
14．(2015·湖南，34改编)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students __to_talk__(talk) over what is bothering them.
解析：talk over讨论。分析句子结构可知act as a listening ear for fellow students to do sth.中的to do sth.是作students的宾语补足语。句意：有时我充当一个倾听者来倾听我的同学们讨论他们的烦心事。
15．(2015·重庆，11改编)Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way __using__(use) the sun and the stars.
解析：using the sun and the stars在句中作状语，与逻辑主语birds构成主动关系，故用现在分词。句意：像古代水手那样，鸟可以利用太阳和恒星来找到路。
16．(2015·福建，28改编)__To_learn__(learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
解析：由语境可知，此处是动词不定式作目的状语。句意：为了更多地了解中国文化，杰克决定把中国民间音乐作为选修课。
17．(2015·福建，33改编)In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared，__combining__(combine) the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”．
解析：由语境可知，infosphere与combine之间为主谓关系，故要用doing作状语。句意：近几年，一个英语单词infosphere出现了，它把“信息”与“气氛”的含义结合在一起。
18．(2015·江苏，24改编)Much time__spent__(spend) sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
解析：本句为独立主格结构。逗号后为主句，逗号前为独立主格作原因状语。time与spend是被动关系，故填spent。句意：因为花费很多时间坐在桌子旁，办公室职员一般都受健康问题的困扰。
19．When there was no place in the whole field __left__(leave) to dig, the rabbit dug a tunnel right to where the dog had been lying all the time.
解析：句意：当整块儿地都没有什么可挖的地方时，兔子挖了一个隧道，直通到狗一直躺着的地方。这里的提示词leave和前面的place是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用left。
20．Henry can't attend the party __being_held__(hold) at Tom's house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party __to_be_held__(hold) at Marie's house tomorrow.
解析：考查非谓语动词作定语。第一空，根据at present可知，hold这个动作正在进行，且hold与party之间是动宾关系，故用being held；第二空，根据tomorrow可知，hold这个动作尚未发生，且hold与party之间是动宾关系，故用to be held。
Ⅱ. 语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the past, if I had to look away from my phone, I felt like I was going to die. When I had lunch with my family or dated with my friends, I couldn't resist __1. replying__(reply) to a text message or checking my Facebook, We Chat on __2. the__ mobile phone. Before long, it was easy for me __3. to_get__(get) tired. The more I texted during the day, the __4. poorer__(poor) my sleep was. I couldn't even focus on my study.
My friend told me that people __5. who/that__ can't help checking their phones all day are known as phubbers(低头族). Phubbing trends not only involve the young people, but __6. the__ elderly. Soon, I found a slogan on a website as follows: stop twittering, stop posting photos...
__7. Thankfully__(thankful), I realized there was actually an outside world. My __8. divided__ (divide) attention could keep me from what is truly important. Now, I can use the phone without __9. feeling__(feel) like a drug addict. I have more time __10. to_enjoy__(enjoy) real－life activities. Use your cell phone and don't let it use you.
解析：
1．resist后用动名词作宾语。
2．on the phone“在手机上”，是固定短语。
3．it是形式主语，本空所填的动词不定式是真正主语。
4．由前面的the more判断填poorer，本句为“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”句式。
5．本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词people，并在从句中作主语，故用who或that。
6．形容词前用定冠词，表示一类人，the elderly“老年人”。
7．作句子状语，意为“幸亏，幸好”，所以本空填副词Thankfully。
8．作attention的定语，与attention之间是被动关系，故填divided，表示“被分散了的精力”。
9．位于介词后用动名词形式。
10．have more time to do sth.“有更多的时间去做某事”，动词不定式作定语。
Ⅲ. 单句改错
1．Even when it comes to shake hands, ladies come first.
答案与解析：shake→shaking 在when it comes to...句型中，to为介词，所以要用动名词作to的宾语。
2．The express company will get all these goods received delivering to the customers today.
答案与解析：delivering→delivered 句意为：快递公司今天将会把所有这些收到的货物派送给顾客们。deliver与其逻辑主语these goods之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，即these goods为deliver动作的承受者，所以应用过去分词作宾语补足语，此处为“get＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
3．(2014·辽宁)It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she's outside.
答案与解析：understanding→understand It's difficult to do sth.意为“做某事是困难的”，其中to为动词不定式符号，其后要跟动词原形。故将understanding改为understand。
4．I, together with my two friends, was eating dinner at a Chinese restaurant, locating in the center of New York.
答案与解析：locating→located 句意为：我和我的两个朋友一起，正在位于纽约市中心的一家中餐馆里用餐。(be) located in...为固定用法，意为“坐落于……”。故将locating改为located。
5．We all enjoyed the precious day greatly, remember the time we spent together.
答案与解析：remember→remembering 句意为：我们所有人都很享受这宝贵的一天，记着我们一起度过的时光。句中已有谓语动词enjoyed，因此remember应用非谓语动词形式；remember与主语we之间构成主动关系，故用现在分词形式。
6．But now we often discuss and try to solve the problems raising by the teachers or ourselves.
答案与解析：raising→raised 句意：但现在我们经常讨论并尽力解决老师或我们自己提出来的问题。根据by可知，“问题”是“被老师或我们自己提出”，故应用过去分词作定语。
7．The ability express one's idea somehow decides how far one can get along in one's college.
答案与解析：express前加to 句意为：一个人表达思想的能力在一定程度上决定了他在大学里的发展。抽象名词ability等词后通常用不定式作定语。
8．The office of the Students' Union will contact the choosing candidates for an interview in a few days.
答案与解析：choosing→chosen 句意为：几天后，学生会办公室将联系已被选出的候选人来面试。这里指的是“已被选出的候选人”，表示被动和完成，所以用过去分词作定语。
9．Travel to a place I have never been to certainly can broaden my mind.
答案与解析：Travel→Travelling 作句子的主语，表示事实，用动名词。动词原形不能作句子的主语。
10．They couldn't help say that their son had grown up.
答案与解析：say→saying can't help doing“禁不住做某事”，是固定短语。
11．(2016·新课标Ⅱ)We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.
答案与解析：take→taking 句意：我们可以选择待在家里或是去旅行。and连接两个并列成分。本句中动名词短语staying at home与taking a trip构成并列关系，都作介词between的宾语。
12．(2016·新课标Ⅲ)I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.
答案与解析：wear→wearing 句意：我通过穿一些奇怪的衣服向他们展示我的独立。by是介词，后接动名词短语作宾语。
13．(2016·安徽合肥八中第一次段考)Having a pleasant trip and see you Friday.
答案与解析：Having→Have 句意：旅途愉快，星期五见。由于此为祝福用语，须用祈使句表示祝愿，动词用原形。
14．(2016·安徽示范性高中第二次联考)To achieve determination，we need the followed strategies.
答案与解析：followed→following 句意：为了实现决心，我们需要以下策略。动词follow的非谓语动词作定语意为“以下的”时，须用following。
15．(2016·福建神州十三中期中考试)She can't imagine so young a girl live alone.
答案与解析：live→living或live→lives 句意：她不能想像这样年轻的女孩一个人生活。根据动词imagine的句型用法：imagine sb. doing...；imagine that...可知，后面要么用非谓语动词形式，要么为宾语从句。
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