文/谢侃
老外初学汉语,只会用“个”来表示事物的数量。当然,“个”的用法确实很广泛,但是还有大量的情况用“个”来描述是不精确的,比如流传甚广的育儿歌--“数数歌儿”:
一头牛,两匹马;
三条鲤鱼四只鸭;
五本书,六支笔;
七棵果树八朵花;
九架飞机十辆车。
如果把上述这首打油诗里的量词都改成“个”的话,恐怕就要闹笑话了(大家不信可以自行脑补一下??)
英语也是同样道理,初学者只会用不定冠词“a”来描述一切事物,其实也是非常不精确的。英语中的情况更加复杂,不同的事物有特定的量词表达。比如:
一群鱼(a school of fish)
一群牛(a herd of cattle)
一群鸟(a flock of birds)
中文中一样的量词--“一群”,在英语中,天上飞的、水里游的和地上走的,用的量词就是不一样,非常任性。而且“school”竟然也可以是一个量词,这是什么鬼?你说奇葩不奇葩???
好了,今天我就是来给大家正本清源的,先给大家看两张图,作为“热身”:
英语常用“量词”汇总
*英语中量词好几千个,此处无法穷尽,挑选了比较常用的,请掌握
1)piece块;片;段;项;件;篇;首;幅;张
a piece of bread/paper/wood/furniture/land/advice/news/meat/cloth/music...
2)bit一点;一些;一片
a bit of water/wood/grass/trouble...
3)item条;则;项
an item of news/information/business/programme...
4)article件;项;条
an article of furniture/clothing/luggage/export...
5)grain粒;颗
a grain of rice/wheat/salt/sand...
6)drop滴
a drop of water/oil/rain/blood/dew...
7)slice薄片
a slice of meat/bread/cake/ham...
8)cake块
a cake of soap/mud/ice...
9)bar块;条
a bar of chocolate/candy/soap...
10)ear穗
an ear of corn/rice/wheat/millet...
11)loaf块;条
a loaf of bread...
12)lump块;团
a lump of clay/sugar/earth...
13)spiral盘
a spiral of mosquito incense(蚊香)...
14)card板
a card of buttons
15)pack副;盒
a pack of cards/cigarettes
16)handful一把
a handful of soil...
17)armful一抱
an armful of flowers...
18)cupful一杯
a cupful of jam...
19)mouthful一口
a mouthful of snow/whys...
20)spoonful一汤匙
a spoonful of sugar...
21)truckload一货车
a truckload of apples...
22)shipload一船
a shipload of TV sets...
23)fit一阵(常形容身体不舒服或者情绪)
a fit of coughing/fever/laughter/anger/...
24)ray一线
a ray of hope/intelligence/sunlight…
25)peal一阵
a peal of thunder/laughter/applause...
26)flash闪现一下
a flash of hope/lightening/wit...
27)display炫耀一下
a display of power/courage/force/learning/skill...
28)attack一个疾病的突然发作
an attack of fever/malaria
29)group组;群;批
a group of students...
30)team队:组
a team of experts/footballers/scientists...
31)gang帮;伙;群;队;组
a gang of four/thieves/robbers...
32)army大群;队
an army of beggars/ants/bees...
33)troop群;伙
a troop of soldiers...
34)host大群
a host of friends/heroes...
35)pack群;伙
a pack of liars/thieves/rascals/hounds...
36)bunch串;束;挂;群;帮;伙
a bunch of bananas/fools/flowers/keys/thieves.
37)bouquet束;把
a bouquet of flowers
38)string串;挂;节
a string of beads/pearls/words/thread
40)crew组,团队
a crew of sailors/pilots
41)batch批
a batch of letters/telegrams/visitors...
42)litter一窝
a litter of kittens/little piglets/puppies...
43)herd群
a herd of elephants/deer/cattle...s
44)swarm群
a swarm of ants/locusts/bees/people/stars...
45)cluster串;束;群;组
a cluster of flowers/grapes/bees/islands/stars...
a cluster of butterflies/grapes/berries/consonants/houses
46)school群
a school of whales/dolphins...
47)flock群
a flock of geese/birds/pigeons/ducks/visitors/customers...
48)dozen一打
a dozen(of)pencils/eggs/red roses...
49)pile一大堆
a pile of what-ifs一大堆假定
50)school流派
a school of traditional grammar传统语法流派
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