巴勃罗·毕加索《咖啡瘾者》（MORPHINOMANES，纽约苏富比2017）

巴勃罗·毕加索咖啡瘾者 MORPHINOMANES 纽约苏富比2017.5 估价200万美元

作品介绍

Picasso executed Morphinomanes during his first trip to Parisin the fall of 1900. At this time, Picasso was working as an artistand illustrator in Madrid. Realizing that he needed to establish afoothold in the Parisian art world in order to advance his career,he arrived in Paris in September 1900 with his friend CarlosCasagemas and stayed for three months. During this time he visitedthe Louvre and the Luxembourg and made the rounds of the commercialgalleries including Durand-Ruel, Bernheim-Jeune and AmbroiseVollard. Picasso was attracted to the works of contemporaryillustrators such as Toulouse-Lautrec, who captured the excitementof the city in his swiftly executed drawings of the cabaret. Thisinfluence can be seen in the many cartoons and drawings whichPicasso made of his trip including the drawing La Sortie deL'Exposition Universelle, Paris in which he depicts himselfsurrounded by a raucous group of friends after a visit to theExposition Universelle. Picasso attended the Universal Exhibitionseveral times during the weeks it was on view, first to see his ownwork, which was criticized for being hung too high, and thenreturned to see the paintings of David, Corot and Manet.

The nightlife of Paris proved to be a revelation to Picasso.His large oil Le Moulin de la Galette, now in the collection of TheSolomon R. Guggenheim Museum, conveyed the dynamism and energy hefound in the cafes and concert halls of Montmartre as well as adarker view of this popular gathering place than that depicted inRenoir, Toulouse-Lautrec or even Van Gogh’s imagery of the samelocation. According to John Richardson “Within weeks of arriving inParis the nineteen-year-old Spaniard had established his right to aplace in the modern French tradition….Picasso takes refuge inSpanish chiaroscuro—darkness lit up with incandescent splashes ofcrimson and yellow…. [he] evokes an erotic ambiance all the moreexciting for being faintly menacing…. Whereas Toulouse-Lautrec’sgaslit dancers embody the ta-ra-ra-boom-de-ay of the 1890s,Picasso’s hookers, with their mascara and lipstick, theircheek-to-cheek smooching, project a sexuality that is distinctlytwentieth century” (J. Richardson, op. cit., p. 167). Executed inthe same sojourn to Paris as Le Moulin de la Galette, Morphinomanesseems to follow the heavily-made up figures from the gaslitdancehall to a later point in the evening when inhibitions havebeen further diminished, the flower loosely held in the femalefigure at left’s hand seemingly the only remaining token of a moresober moment. The title of Morphinomanes clearly points to one ofthe drugs that were readily available in Paris at this time.Picasso himself would become a regular user of opium throughout hisBlue and Rose periods, while during this first sojourn to Paris,Picasso’s dear friend Casagemas regularly sought out the relief ofmorphine to distract himself from the trials and tribulations ofhis romantic life.

图1

Pablo Picasso，Le Moulin dela Galette，1900，布面油画，Solomon R. Guggenheim博物馆，纽约

图2

Pablo Picasso，La Buveused'Abinthe，1901，船上油，私人收藏，租借给巴黎奥赛博物馆

图3

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec，LaGoulue in au Moulin Rouge，1891-92，peintureàl'essence on board，theModern of Modern Art，New York

参考译文

毕加索在1900年秋天第一次去巴黎旅行时创作了《咖啡瘾者》。此时，毕加索在马德里担任艺术家和插画师。意识到他需要在巴黎艺术界建立立足点以推进他的职业生涯，他于1900年9月与他的朋友卡洛斯·卡萨吉玛斯（CarlosCasagemas，1881-1901）一起抵达巴黎，并待了三个月。在此期间，他参观了卢浮宫和卢森堡，并在商业画廊中进行了巡回展览，包括杜兰德·卢尔（Durand-Ruel，画商），伯恩海姆·热恩（Bernheim-Jeune）和安布鲁瓦兹·沃拉尔（AmbroiseVollard）。毕加索被当代插画家如图卢兹 -洛特雷克的作品所吸引，他在快速执行的歌舞表演中捕捉到了这座城市的激动。这种影响可以在毕加索的旅行中制作的许多漫画和绘画中看到，包括绘画《退出世界博览会》，在巴黎参观世界博览会之后，他描绘了自己被一群喧闹的朋友包围。毕加索在观看的几周内多次参加世界博览会，首先看到他自己的作品被批评为悬挂得太高，然后回到大卫，柯罗和马奈的画作。

巴黎的夜生活证明是对毕加索的启示。他的《煎饼磨坊的舞会》，现藏于所罗门·R·古根海姆博物馆，传达了他在蒙马特的咖啡馆和音乐厅中发现的活力和能量，以及这个受欢迎的聚会场所的黑暗景观，而不是雷诺阿，图卢兹-洛特雷克甚至是凡梵高的相同位置的图像。根据约翰·理查森的说法，“在抵达巴黎的几周内，这位十九岁的西班牙人已经确立了他在现代法国传统中占有一席之地的权利......。毕加索在西班牙明暗对比中避难，黑暗中点燃了白炽红色和黄色......。[他]唤起一种色情的氛围，更加令人兴奋，因为它隐隐约约...... 而图卢兹 -洛特雷克的汽化舞者体现了19世纪90年代的ta-ra-ra-boom-de-ay，而毕加索的妓女，用他们的睫毛膏和口红，他们脸颊到脸颊的偷偷摸摸接吻（J.Richardson, op. cit., p. 167）。Morphinomanes与Le Moulin de laGalette一起在巴黎逗留期间，似乎跟随气体照明的舞厅中的大量人物，到了晚上抑制作用进一步减弱的时候，花朵松散地保留在女性形象中在左手的手似乎是一个更清醒的时刻唯一剩下的象征。《咖啡瘾者》的标题明确指出此时巴黎当时的一种药物。毕加索本人将在蓝色和玫瑰期间成为鸦片的常规使用者，而在第一次到巴黎期间，毕加索的亲朋好友卡萨奇马斯经常寻求释放吗啡以分散他对浪漫生活的考验和苦难的注意力。

作品细节

巴勃罗·毕加索咖啡瘾者 MORPHINOMANES 局部

画家简介

巴勃罗·毕加索（PabloPicasso，1881-1973）出生在西班牙马拉加（Malaga），是当代西方最有创造性和影响最深远的艺术家之一，立体画派创始人，毕加索和他的画在世界艺术史上占据了不朽的地位。毕加索是位多产画家。据统计，毕加索的作品总计近37000 件，包括：油画1885 幅，素描7089 幅，版画20000幅，平版画6121幅。巴勃罗·毕加索是个不断变化艺术手法的探索者，印象派、后印象派、野兽派的艺术手法都被他汲取改选为自己的风格。毕加索的才能在于，他的各种变异风格中，都保持自己粗犷刚劲的个性，而且在各种手法的使用中，都能达到内部的统一与和谐。毕加索有过登峰造极的境界，他的作品不论是陶瓷、版画、雕刻都如童稚般的游戏。在毕加索一生中，从来没有特定的老师，也没有特定的子弟，但凡是在二十世纪活跃的画家，没有一个人能将毕加索打开的前进道路完全迂回而进。（阴山工作室编写）

作品资料

巴布羅·畢加索

《嗎啡癮者》MORPHINOMANES

估價 1,500,000 — 2,000,000 美元

款識：畫家簽名Picasso（右下）

油彩、粉彩畫布

21 7/8 x 18 1/4英寸

55.4 x 46.4公分

1900年作

印象派及現代藝術晚拍歐洲私人收藏

2017年5月16日 | 下午 7:00 EDT

紐約

克勞德·畢加索已為此作提供認證

来源

M. Besnard (sold: Galerie Georges Petit, June 9, 1923, lot97)

Max Linder, Paris

Antonio Santamarina Irazusta, Argentina (acquired by 1930 andsold: Sotheby's, London, April 2, 1974, lot 32)

Acquired at the above sale by the present owner

展览历史

Buenos Aires, Jacques Helft, L'Ecole de Paris, 1951, no.53

Buenos Aires, Dibujos, 1959, no. 64