【听音频，也可猛戳左下角“阅读原文”】
Rob:Hello, I'm Rob. Welcome to 6 Minute English. With me today is Finn. Hello, Finn.
大家好，我是罗伯。欢迎收听英语六分钟。今天和我一起主持节目的是菲恩。你好菲恩。
Finn:Hi Rob!
你好罗伯！
Rob:In this programme we're going to be talking about blood.
今天的节目中我们要讨论的是血液。
Finn:Yes. Blood? Did I ever tell you, Rob, that I really hate the sight of blood? And I've even been known to faint – that's to lose consciousness - at the sight of a needle.
血液？我告诉过你吗，罗伯？我很讨厌看到血。而且大家都知道我看到针就会晕厥，会失去知觉。
Rob:Come on, Finn. I think you've got a lot to learn. You wouldn't be here without it, you know! It's a fascinating topic. All sorts of discoveries are being made these days, which could change medical science for ever.
别这样，菲恩。我觉得有很多东西你还需要学习一下。你知道吗，如果没有血液你都不可能站在这里！这是个很有趣的话题。最近人们对血液有各种新的发现，它们可能会使医学发生彻底的改变。
Finn:Yes. Well, you are right, of course. Blood was even thought to relate to human character. People were hot-bloodied – quick to anger – or cold-bloodied – lacking in passion.
是的。你说的当然是对的。甚至有人认为血液与人的性格有关。“热血”的人易怒，“冷血”的人缺乏激情。
Rob:There were all the myths about vampires when young blood was thought to revitalise older people. There's a dreadful story that a Hungarian countess had hundreds of young women killed so she could bathe in their blood and stay youthful-looking.
有很多关于吸血鬼的传说中提到年轻的血液可以让老年人恢复青春。有一个恐怖的故事中讲到一位匈牙利伯爵夫人杀死数百名年轻女子，沐浴在她们的血液中以保青春容颜。
Finn:Right. OK. And in Roman times, if a young gladiator died in battle, people used to drink his blood because they thought it would keep them healthy.
对。而且在罗马时期，如果年轻的角斗士在战斗中牺牲，人们会喝他的血因为他们认为这样有助于他们保持健康。
Rob:For 3,000 years, people have been cut or given leeches to let out the blood because they thought that would make people better. Incredibly, it carried on until the 19th century. But it actually made people worse, or even killed them.
在长达3000年里，人们划破皮肤放血或使用水蛭吸血，因为他们认为放血能够改善他们的身体。这种做法一直持续到了19世纪，真是让人难以置信。实际上，这种做法伤害着人们的健康，甚至会导致死亡。
Finn:So I won't be doing that today.
所以我今天就不这么做了。
Rob:OK. Instead, how about answering a question all about blood Finn?
好的。那么来回答今天的问题怎么样？
Finn:Go on then.
可以。
Rob:If you laid out all the blood vessels in an adult body end to end how long would they be? Would they be a)30,000 miles b)100,000 miles or c)200,000 miles long?
如果你将一个成年人的血管首尾相连地摆放会有多长？它的长度是a)三万英里 b)十万英里还是 c)二十万英里？
Finn:Well, let's say 100,000 miles. That's b).
啊……我选十万英里。B选项。
Rob:OK. Well, we'll see if you got the right answer at the end of the programme. OK, well let's talk more about blood now. We've heard about blood in history but Finn, did you know that today beauticians are running businesses in which people pay to have their blood extracted, then injected into their face?
好的。我们在节目结束的时候再看你的答案是否正确。好，现在让我们再来谈一谈血液。我们已经谈到了一些与血液相关的历史故事，但是，菲恩，你知道吗？现在在美容院里一些人请美容师为他们萃取自己其他部位的血液，然后注射到他们的面部。
Finn:Yes I have heard about this. It's thought to rejuvenate – that's to give new life to - their skin. Michael Mosley has had just that done to his face as an experiment. He's a doctor and presenter with the BBC. Let's listen to him talking about it. He uses an expression that means 'go faster'. Can you tell me what it is?
是的，我听说过这种事。据说这种做法可以让人的肌肤恢复活力。迈克尔·莫斯利刚刚在他的脸上做了这样的实验。他是一名医生，也是BBC的节目主持人。让我们来听一听他的介绍。他用了一个单词来表示“走得更快”。你能告诉我是哪个单词吗？
Sometimes known as the Vampire Facelift, PRP – Platelet Rich Plasma therapy – claims to accelerate healing and reverse the signs of ageing. First my blood is treated to make a concentrated solution of platelets in plasma. Next, this is injected directly into my face.
PRP技术是一种提取并利用富含血小板血浆的疗法，有时被称为僵尸美容。据称这种疗法可以加速病情治愈、逆转老化迹象。首先通过对我血液的处理获得富含血小板的血浆。然后这些血浆被直接注入我的面部。
Finn:Ouch! And the word he used was 'accelerate'. Now that means to make faster.
哎呦！他用到的单词是“加速”。它的意思是加快速度。
Rob:And he said they 'treated' his blood. This means 'changed or transformed' it.他提到的“处理”他的血液，意思是“改变或转化”他的血液。
Finn:Well, today, of course, controlled blood transfusion is a completely normal medical practice that saves countless lives. And blood donors – the people who give their blood — are an important part of healthcare.
当然，如今有监管的输血作为一种完全常规的医疗手段已经挽救了无数人的生命。而且献血者成为了医疗保健的一个重要组成部分。
Rob:Yes, Finn, but there's all sorts of other amazing things that blood can do. If we are running at altitude – high up — the limbs get tired because there's not enough oxygen. The blood then starts creating new red cells and pours them into the system. That's why athletes often train in the mountains.
是的，菲恩，血液还有许多其他惊人的作用。如果我们在海拔很高的地方跑步，我们的双腿会很累，因为没有足够的氧气。这时血液就会生成新的红细胞，然后把它们释放到体内。所以运动员经常到山上训练。
Finn:Altitude training, isn't it? And, apparently, the different types of food you eat have an immediate effect on your blood, or rather the element of blood called plasma. So, if you eat a cholesterol-high breakfast, for example, very soon after that you can see the fat in the blood.
这就是高海拔训练，对吗?另外，你所吃的不同种类的食物会对你的血液或者说你血液中被称为血清的成分产生明显的影响。例如：如果你吃了一顿胆固醇含量很高的早餐，很快你就可以在你的血液中发现这些脂肪。
Rob:Nice. Ideas about how blood moves around your body have changed a lot over the years too. The Romans thought blood flowed one way and came out of our feet and hands and was then burnt away. But William Harvey in the 17th century found that blood circulated via veins and arteries – these are the tubes in our body where blood is carried around.
说得很好。多年来人们对于血液在人体内是如何流动的也有很多想法。罗马人认为血液在人体内单向流动，末端是我们的手和脚，并在这里被燃烧消耗。但是威廉·哈维在17世纪发现血液通过静脉和动脉在体内循环——动脉和静脉是血液在体内流动的载体。
Finn:And let's not forget clotting – that's when the blood hardens. If our blood didn't clot when we cut ourselves we'd be dead within minutes. It is really fascinating isn't it? And we're just beginning to understand stem cells. These are also in the blood and are used to repair various organs in the body ?
还有不要忘了说“凝血”，即血液凝固。如果我们割伤自己后血液不凝固，那么几分钟内我们就会死亡。这真的很神奇，不是吗？另外，我们刚开始研究干细胞。它们同样在我们的血液当中，其作用是修复体内的各种器官。
Rob:Modern science is really helping us to understand blood properly for the first time and showing us the way forward.
是现代科学让我们首次对血液有了正确的认识并向我们展示了其未来的发展方向。
Finn:Now Rob, before my blood boils, could you let me know the answer to the quiz question Rob?
罗伯，在我热血沸腾之前，能不能告诉我之前问题的答案？
Rob:Yes. So, I asked you if you laid out all the blood vessels in an adult body end to end how long would they be: 30,000 miles, 100,000 miles or 200,000 miles?
好的。我的问题是：如果将一个成年人的血管首尾相连地摆放会有多长？它的长度是a)三万英里 b)十万英里还是 c)二十万英里？
Finn:Well, I said 100,000 miles.
我选择的是十万英里。
Rob:Wow. And you know your blood vessels, because you got that question right.
哇，看来你真的很了解血管，因为你答对了。
Finn:Well, I measured them earlier.
啊，我早些时候测量过。
Rob:Good. And how do you feel about blood now?
很好。现在你对血液的感觉如何？
Finn:Well, I'm probably a bit scared of it still. But now that I know all of these wonderful things that it does, I really get why it's so important.
我可能还是有点害怕它。但是我知道了这么多关于血液的神奇的事情之后，我开始知道它为什么如此重要了。
Rob:Great. So, let's remind ourselves of some of the words we've said today, Finn.
太棒了。那么，让我们来复习一下今天的一些单词吧，菲恩。
Finn:Here we are:
好的，
faint
晕厥
rejuvenate
恢复活力
transfusion
输血
cholesterol-high
胆固醇含量高的
veins and arteries
静脉和动脉
clotting
凝血
accelerate
加速
treated
处理
Rob:Thank you. Well, that's it for today.
谢谢。那么，今天的节目到这里就结束了。
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