中考英语写作指导
中考中的书面表达题，主要有“补全对话”、“看图填词”、“看图写话”、“看图作答”、“看图完成短文”、“看图完成句子”和“根据提示的内容，完成某项写作”等形式。这类题型的考试目的在于：通过书面形式测试考生口头会话和作简单书面表达的能力。下面作一简单介绍：
一、测试要点
一般说来，测试的主要内容都是以日常生活为背景，进行简单的会话或写作。例如：问候、问路、看病、打电话、购物、自我介绍等功能意念项目和简单的应用文，例如：便条、通知、短信等。一个题目写10个左右的句子，字数为80－100个左右。
二、日常训练与应试注意事项
1.平时要注意句型与对话的学习，注意听说训练，积极参与听说训练的教学活动，以达到会话相当熟练的程度。
2.在会话中，注意常在情景中使用的习惯用语、套语的归纳和应用，做到脱口而出，应对如流。
3.注意口语与书面语的区别及一些特殊的表达方法，做题时一定要瞻前顾后，既要看到前面的内容，又要看到后面的语句；既要符合习惯用法，又要注意表达的准确性。
4.要经常进行日常应用文和命题作文的学习与训练。
三、解题技巧
1.要注意看清题目的要求与提供的情景，需用哪些习惯用语，哪种时态，根据词数限制，应选用哪一种表达方式为最佳。
2.表达要正确，要注意英美人的习惯用语，切忌随心所欲，用中文去对照英文进行翻译。例如：a：how do youdo? 此题只能选择how do you do?”来回答，除此，无第二种选择。如果从语法和字数方面来考虑，那将会有“how old are you?”“what is your name?”“whereare you from?”等多种与问句不符的答语。
3.注意在一些交际场合中，习惯使用的客套语。只要根据已知部分，就可推测出未知部分。例如：howareyou?回答可用“fine ”“I’mfine,thankyou。”如果用“howdo you do?”来回答，就大错特错了。
4.在写应用文类命题作文或对话时，应注意应用文的格式、人称、动词的时态等用法；写短文或对话时，要注意切题，不写没有把握的句子，切忌为使文章生动，在句中随意增加自己无把握的词，导致中文式英语而影响考试成绩。尽量用自己熟悉的句型和词汇来表达一个完整的意思就可以了。
在这里给出了四个步骤，初三学生不妨在复习时按此法多多练习。
1、认真审题包括文字说明、图表、短文提供的资料和信息，以及参考词汇、字数要求等，准确把握人物关系和故事情节，理解主题大意，审清文体，确定格式，确定人称、主体时态。
2、列出要点结合提示信息，把涉及的所有写作要点逐条列出，编写要点提纲，组织语言。如：(1).开篇句：I think that.。。我认为......；It is often said that....。。人们经常这么说......(2).连接句：Amon
g all the given reasons,one should be mentioned。在所有理由中，有一个值得一提；The main reason why......is that....。。之所以....。。的主要原因是......(3).结束句：一般情况下，记叙文和说明文采用自然结尾法；夹叙夹议和发表观点类的文章则往往有结束语，首尾呼应。结尾的形式也因文章类别和开头的风格而灵活多变。如：Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclusion that……考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以做出这样的结论……另外，书信的结尾常有以下形式的祝福语：Best wishes; I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year等。
3、完成写作写作时语言要纯正地道，避免母语的影响；用多种表达方式，避免重复和呆板；使用熟悉的短语、句式，提高准确率。如：(1).并列关系的过渡词：and,as well as, not only... but also,neither...nor......both...and……(2).转折关系的过渡词：but, yet,however……(3).时间关系的过渡词：first, second,third, and then, finally, after,before, after a few days, atlast……(4).空间关系的过渡词：near (to)， far (from)，in the front of, beside,behind, beyond, above, below, to theright……(5).比较关系的过渡词：in the sameway, just like, justas……(6).对照关系的过渡词：but, still, yet, however, onthe other hand, in spiteof……(7).递进关系的过渡词：also, and, then, too,inaddition……(8).因果关系的过渡词：because, since, then,so,therebefore……(9).解释说明的过渡词：for example, in fact, in this case,for,actually......(10).强调的过渡词：in fact, in deed, necessarily,certainly,without any doubt, truly, most important……(11).目的的过渡词：for this reason, for this purpose……12.列举的过渡词：for example,such as……(13).总结性的过渡词：in conclusion, finally……
4、仔细检查查格式是否有误；人称、时态是否恰当；语法结构是否正确；注意英汉表达的差异；字母大小写；字数是否合乎要求等。
例1】假设你校英语节正在举办“奥斯卡影片欣赏”活动，并开展My Favourite Film Star征文活动。请根据所提供的信息，用英语写篇短文，并发表自己的感想。内容提示见下表：
| 基本信息 | 莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥1974年11月11日出生于美国 |
| 演艺生涯 | 1997年主演《泰坦尼克号》，标志着他成功生涯的开始2016年因在《荒野猎人》中的角色获得奥斯卡最佳男演员奖参演30多部影片，闻名于世 |
| 其他成就 | 1998年设立莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥基金会鼓励人们保护环境 |
| 评价感想 | …… |
注意事项：
1.征文须包括表格中所有提示内容，要求语句通顺、意思连贯；
2.表格中“评价感想”一栏须用2—3句话展开合理想象，作适当发挥；
3.词数在90个左右，征文的开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：
《泰坦尼克号》(Titanic)
《荒野猎人》(The Revenant)
奥斯卡最佳男演员奖 (the Oscar Best Actor)
莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥基金会 (Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation)
My Favourite Film Star
My favourite film star is Leonardo DiCaprio. ___________________________________________________
【答案】
My Favourite Film Star
My favourite film star is Leonardo DiCaprio. He was born in America on November 11, 1974. He played the lead role in the film Titanic in 1997. That marked the beginning of his successful career. He won the Oscar for Best Actor for his role in the film The Revenant in 2016. He has acted in over 30 films and he’s famous all over the world now. He set up Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation in 1998. He encourages people to protect the environment. He’s considered as a superstar. I think he’s also very helpful. We should learn from him.
【解析】
试题分析：这篇作文叫小作者介绍自己的感想。在写作时要构思好文章的结构，注意要点一定齐全。句子要完整，表达准确，注意时态的变化和主谓一致。文中可适当使用一些连接词来加强文章的逻辑性。
写作亮点：这篇作文结构清晰完整，表达准确流利，要点齐全。文中有一些好的表达方式如That marked the beginning of his successful career. He won the Oscar for Best Actor for his role in the film The Revenant in 2016. He has acted in over 30 films and he’s famous all over the world now.等等。
考点：提纲类作文。
【例2】根据中文提示和英文书信内容，请代王涛给David写一封回信，回答信中的问题，介绍合肥良好的公交服务，并谈谈你的感受。词数在80—100字。已给的开头和结尾不计人总词数：
【答案】
I’m glad to know your grandpa is coming to Hefei. Your grandpa is right. Now great changes have taken place in Hefei and the bus service is really very good. There are a lot of bus lines all over Hefei and buses can take you anywhere. People don’t need to spend a long time waiting for a bus and the tickets are cheap. Besides, three subway lines are being built. In the coming future, the transport in Hefei will become better.
I like taking a bus to school because it’s comfortable and safe. Also it’s good for our environment. So it’s a good choice for your grandpa to travel by bus in Hefei.
If you have more questions, please ask me
Yours,
Wang Tao
【解析】
写作亮点：本文行文流畅，语言规范。各种时态的使用非常准确，被动语态“Besides, three subway lines are being built.”以及复合句“I like taking a bus to school because it’s comfortable and safe.的使用，丰富了文章的内容，为文章增色不少。
考点：话题类作文。
【点睛】书面表达评分标准“最高档”要求为：“应用了较多的语法结构或词汇；语法结构或词汇方面有少许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。”从历年书面表达高分文章来看，每篇文章都有“亮”点，即在用词、造句或段落安排上都有独到之处。要想获得高分就应在“正确”表达的基础上写出自己的特色，写
出自己的“亮”点。
课时作业☆能力提升
1.临近毕业，学校要求每个初三学生写封信给各个家长，简要汇报三年来初中生活的收获与存在问题。假如你是Jim，请根据下表的内容提示，用英文做一个简短的汇报。
| 收获 | 1.学到很多知识，提高了学习技能。2.了解到许多名人及他们的事迹。（举1-2个例子，参考人名：Spud， Tan Dun， Armstrong， Marie Curie， Audrey Hepburn...）3.学会做人：在校与老师同学和睦相处，互相帮助；在家......；在上学途中，遵守交通规则，能......；遇到困难时，能...... |
| 存在问题 | 学习压力（feel stressed in...）大，......（再举1-2个例子） |
| 目前想法 | 1.感谢…… 2.打算（怎样处理存在的问题） |
要求： 1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；
2）必须包括表格中所有的相关信息，并适当发挥；
3）词数：100词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；
4）不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。
Dear Dad & Mum，
I will leave junior school and meet a new challenge of my life. Now I would like tell you what I have done in the past three years.
▲ ▲ ▲
▲ ▲ ▲
▲ ▲ ▲
Yours Sincerely
Jim
【答案】
I will leave junior school and meet a new challenge of my life. Now I would like tell you what I have learnt in the past three years.
I have learnt a lot of knowledge from the books and I have improved my study skills. I have learnt a lot of famous people all over the world. Spud’s story tells us not to give up when we do anything. Tan Dun is a great musician. He said his music is to dream without boundaries. I can also get along with my teachers and classmates. We learn from each other and help each other， too. At home I can do some housework so that you can have more time to rest. On my way to school， I can obey the traffic rules./I can help old men cross the road. When I meet difficulty， I can talk to my friends/teachers/you about it.
Now I feel stressed in my study. I can’t get enough sleep/I have too much homework to do every day/I have no time for my hobbies.
I would thank you for taking good care of me and thank my teachers and friends for their help. I will plan my time well to study better and sleep well/ make my study and my body better.
Yours Sincerely
Jim
写作亮点：这篇是一篇优秀的范文，字数符合要求，语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范。多种时态的运用，使文章增加了文采，显示出英语功底；特别是文中使用了一些固定句式及短I can also get along with my teachers and classmates. We learn from each other and help each other， too. At home I can do some housework so that you can have more time to rest.等，使文章的表达更有逻辑性，更富有条理。
考点：考查话题类作文。
2.假如你在学校操场上捡到了一件红色夹克衫，它的主人会是谁呢？请你根据表格提示用英语写一篇短文进行合理的推测。（15分）
| Lily | 不喜欢穿夹克衫 | Mary | 夹克衫对她来说太大 |
| Ann | 不喜欢红色 | Carol | 当时正在操场上打球 |
| Jean | 夹克衫上有”Jean”的名字 |
要求：恰当的运用情态动词表示推测的语法；80词左右。
I found a red jacket on the school playground. __________________
_______________________________________________________________
【答案】
I found a red jacket on the school playground. I think it can’t be Lily’s because she doesn’t like wearing jackets. She likes wearing different kinds of dresses every season. It can’t belong to Ann because she doesn’t like red. She likes purple best. It can’t be Mary’s because it is much too big for her. She is thin and short. It might be Carol’s because she was playing volleyball with her friends on the playground. Oh ， look! Joan’s name is on the jacket. And red is her favorite color. The jacket must be hers.
亮点说明：文中用了许多固定短语，如kinds of，much too， like best，play… with等；使用了丰富的句型，如宾语从句I think it can’t be Lily’s because she doesn’t like wearing jackets；原因状语从句It can’t be Mary’s because it is much too big for her等；同时恰当使用了表示推测的情态动词can’t， must；叙事条理、清晰，逻辑性强，值得学习！
考点：话题作文
3.学好英语是非常重要的学科。但在英语的学习过程中，有效的学习方法是必需的。每个同学应重视和培养这方面的能力。请介绍一下，你在学习英语的过程中，取得成绩的有效学习方法。
The way of learning English
【答案】
The way of learning English
English is important and useful to us. How can we learn it well? It’s necessary to know about the ways of learning English. Here are my suggestions.
First, we should often listen to the tapes, English songs and programs. Watching English movies is also
helpful to us. Second, we should speak English in class as much as possible. Don't be afraid of making
mistakes. The more you speak, the fewer mistakes you'll make. We'd better join the English club and practice
with others. Third, we can read more English newspapers and magazines. It's good for us. At last, we should
recite some good passages and keep diaries.
In a word, as long as we do more listening, speaking, reading and writing, we will learn English well.
亮点说明:文中用了许多固定短语，如listen to， in class, as much as possible，be afraid of等; 使用了丰富的句型，如 It’s necessary to know about the ways of learning English.，The more you speak, the fewer mistakes you'll make等.；同时 first, second, third, at last, in
a word等词汇的运用，使事件的描述条理、清晰, 上下文意联系紧密，为文章增色不少。
考点：话题作文
4.初中生活即将结束，我们有很多不能忘记的美好记忆。与同学之间的友好交往，与老师之间的坦诚沟通。与家长之间的倾心交流……已成为我们生活中的重要内容。请以（My Past Beautiful Life)为题，写一件你与同学（或朋友、老师、家长）等曾经经历过的美好事情，以表达对他们的感激或怀念之情。
要求：1.书写规范，层次清楚，真情实意。
2.文章中不得使用你及你的朋友、同学、老师、家长的真实姓名和校名。
3.词数不少于80词。
部分参考词汇：an unforgotten time (一段难忘时光）meaningful(有意义的) thankful(感激的）moved(感动的）
My Past Beautiful Life
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
One possible version1：
Found
March 22, 2013
I happened to pick up a schoolbag on my way home. On afternoon at the school gate. Loser is expected to take it back in our class.Myclass is Class Two, Grade Three.
One possible version2：
My Past Beautiful Life
Our life in middle school will come to an end soon. It was an unforgotten time. I will never forget you an outgoing boy. There is always smile on your face and everybody likes to make friends with you. We used to play basketball on the playground. It was very meaningful for us to play basketball. Sometimes we went to the park and had a good time there. I always laughed a lot when I was with you. So I was thankful and moved. At this every moment I’m saying goodbye to you, I just want to give you my best wishes:
I hope you are happy and healthy forever.
I hope you are successful in the future.
写作亮点：这篇文章语言规范，叙述清楚，词汇及时态运用正确，能够把提示的内容叙述清楚，语句通顺，意思连贯是一篇不错的文章。
考点：话题作文。
5. Write a passage of at least 60 words about the topic 'How to Celebrate Graduation.'（以“如何庆祝毕业”为题写一篇不少于60词的短文，标点符号不占格。）
Situation:临近毕业,班里的同学们打算举行一次毕业庆祝活动，他们在讨论征集庆祝活动的建议。以'How to Celebrate Graduation'为题写一篇英语短文，谈谈你的建议并陈述理由。
（注意，短文中不得出现考生的姓名,校名及其它相关信息，否则不予评分。）
【答案】
How to Celebrate Graduation
How time flies! We are going to graduate from middle school. To celebrate this unforgettable moment, as one of the graduates, I would like to offer some advice on how to celebrate graduation.
First, we can change our classroom into the festive hall, and invite our parents and teachers to enjoy our elaborate performances. Second, all of us can go to DIY Cookhouse to make a big meal for our parents and teachers to express appreciation. Last, we can revisit every place of school together, and take some photos with friends. Furthermore, we can sing the old songs that we ever shared together.
The above four points are my opinions. I hope they can be accepted.
写作亮点：这篇短文使用First、Second, Last以及Furthermore等词，使得文章非常条理，为文章增色不少。学习中注意总结，牢记一些固定句式及短语,写作时就可以适当引用,使文章的表达更有逻辑性，更富有条理。
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