非谓语动词
1.To know what is good
A doing what is right
B. to do what is right
C. do that is right
D. should do what is right
2 He found a lot of teachers ___ in his classroom
A. to seat
B. seating
C. seat
D. seated
3 He got to the top ______that someone else had
A. finding
B. having found
C. only to find
D. to be found
4 ---the last one ___pays the meals.
A arrived
B arrives
C to arrive
D Arriving
5 ____ the treasure, they began quarrelling about
A. Find, diving
B. Having found, to divide
C. To find, to divide
D. Having found, dividing
一、非谓语动词的考点
1、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别；
2、非谓语动词作定语；
3、非谓语动词作主语和表语；
4、非谓语动词作宾语；
5、非谓语动词作宾补；
6、非谓语动词作状语；
7、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动。
二、非谓语动词的句法功能
不定式
主语 宾语 表语 宾补 定语 状语
动名词
主语 宾语 表语 定语
分词
表语 宾补 定语 状语
三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别
高考题点击：
1. “Can’t you read?” Mary said _____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointing
2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ____ the girl and took her away, ____ into the woods.
A. seizing..,disappeared
B. seized.., disappeared
C. seizing, disappearing
D. seized, disappearing
四、非谓语动词作主语和表语
1. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _____.
A. he’d like to collect coins as well
B. he feels like collecting coins, too
C. to collect coins is also his hobby
D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure
在 and 连接的并列句中，两个主语要保持一致的形式。
动名词 fishing 和 collecting coins 分别作两个简单句的主语。
这句话的意思为“钓鱼是他的爱好，集邮也给他带来极大的乐趣。”
2. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ____ the
A. To have had
B. Having had
C. Have
D. Having
动名词和不定式作主语及表语的区别:
一般说来,动名词作主语通常表示泛指经常性的,抽象的
动作, 而不定式多表示特指,一次性的,具体的动作.若不
定式,动名词短语作主语,常用it作形式主语.
My opinion is to go skating this afternoon.
_playing___with fire is dangerous．(泛指玩火)
__to play___with fire will be dangerous．(具体动作)
It’s difficult for him to finish the hard work in a week
It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
作主语
it作形式主语
It is no use
It is no good
It is a waste of time
It is worthwhile
It is worth doing
It +be+adj.+for (of) sb. + to do sth.
It is better to love than to be loved.
It is time to go to school.(定语)
It is better to lose one’s life than ______.
A to lose one’s spirit
B losing one’s spirit
C lose one’s spirit
D to have lost one’s spirit
在 It’s + adj. 结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型：
It’s easy (difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible,comfortable, necessary, better; the first, the next, the last,the best, too much, too little, not enough) 后加 for sb. to do
It’s
五、非谓语动词作定语
1. The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell
B. smelling
C. smelt
D. to be smelt
该题的谓语动词是 attract，“闻起来很香”用来作定语修饰
主语 flowers。
2. A man is being questioned in relation to the ________ murder
A. advised
B. attended
C. attempted
D.admitted
“谋杀”只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。
3. The picture _____ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung
B. hanging
C. hangs
D. being hung
hang 作及物动词用时表示人为的“挂”；作不及物动词用时
表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的 hang
词，所以用现在分词作定语。
4. There are five pairs _____, but I’m at a loss which to buy.
A. to be chosen
B. to choose from
C. to choose
D. for choosing
动词不定式 to choose from 和 to choose 都可以作定语，问题
是 to choose 作定语时该名词是 choose 的对象；to choose
from 作定语时，该名词是 choose 的范围。该题指的是范围.
非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别：
分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系；
现在分词表示该动作主动和进行,过去分词表示被动或完成
动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义；
不定式作定语时多表示将来的动作
D)表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法：
done
the house built is a hospital
to be done
the house being biult next is a hospital
being done
the house being built now will be a hospital
The sleeping boy is our English teacher’s son.
the boy who
Can you tell me where the waiting room is?
the room for
A broken glass is lying on the floor
a glass that was broken
He said has had an important meeting to attend
作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰
的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式
后面须有相应的介词．例如：
He is looking for a room to live (in)
Please give me a knife to cut (with)
但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是 time，place或 way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去．例如：
He had no money and no place to live(/)
.当名词被First , second, next, last以及 only???等词修饰
时，其后常用动词不定式
She was always the first (person) to come
He’s the only person to know the whole truth
当名词是Message, letter, news, notice, book, report,
sign等时，其后常用现在分词做定语
When he rang me up, I was looking through a
report saying : China’s education has greatly
improved in the past 50 years
分词作定语，单个分词要前置，分词短语要后置。
现在分词的完成式与被动式一般都不能用作前置定语，
只能作后置定语，使用时应慎重。例如：
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
We must keep a secret of the things being discussed
here．
分词作定语：
现在分词作定语时,在语态上,表主动；在时间上，表示动作正在进行。过去分词作定语时,在语态上,表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成。例如：
We can see the____sun. （rise)
There was a girl ____there.(sit)
He is a _____worker.(retire)
He is a teacher _____by his students.(love)
现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。例如:
The teacher criticized
the studentwho had broken the window．(
六、非谓语动词作宾补
高考题点击：
The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _____. (95 N)
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not to it
D. do not to
为了避免重复，常用省略形式 to 来代替前面的动作。
如：Would you like to visit our school?
2. Paul doesn’t have to be made _____. He always works hard.
A. learn
B. to learn
C. learned
D. learning
使役动词 make / have / let sb. do sth.
则应为：be made / let
式的用法。
3. A computer does only what thinking people _____.
A. have it do
B. have it done
C. have done it
D. having it done
此句中的 it 指代的是 a computer，what
在从句中作 do 的宾语，表示“人们让计算机所做的事
“应该用 …people have a computer do …这一结构。
需要注意的是 have 的几个常用结构：have sb. / sth. do… ;
4. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see
A. carry out
B. carrying out
C. carried out
D. to carry out
that 引导的是定语从句，修饰 plan，在从句中作 see 的宾
语。因此从句中的结构应为 see the plan carried out。特别注
意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。
5. The missing boys were last seen _____ near the river.
A. playing
B. to be playing
C. play
D. to play
感官性动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个完整的动
作；若用现在分词，则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解
为正在进行的动作。
在 feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have，let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带 to．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带 to．
例:I often hear him sing the song．
He is often heard _______the song．
不定式动词在介词 but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带 to，否则要带 to．
如:She could do nothing but ________. (cry)
What do you like to do besides________?(swim )
I have no choice but __________．(go)
七、非谓语动词作宾语
1. We agreed _____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met
B. meetin
C. to meet
D. to have met
2. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what _____
A. expected
B. to expect
C. to be expecting
D. expects
注意1：仅带不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,
expect,
注意2：动词 know, show 等常带疑问词加 to do 作宾语。
3. I really appreciate _____ to relax with you on this nice island.
A. to have had time
B. having time
C. to have time
D. to having time
仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：admit appreciate avoid
delay
mind
keep
但如果在 allow
等词后加动名词作宾语时表示被动意义，相当于 to be done。
4. --- You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
A. to do
B. to be doing
C. to have done
D. having done
5. ---Let me tell you something about the journalists.
A. told
B. telling
C. to tell
D. to have told
6. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _____ for
A. waiting
B. to wait
C. wait
D. to be waiting
特别注意带不定式和动名词作宾语时意义不同的动词：
remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, miss, stop
forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。
I remember doing the exercise.
I must remember to do it.?
I mean to come early today.
Missing the train means waiting for another hour．
regret to do 对即将做的事表示遗憾
Regret doing 对做过的事表示后悔
7. How about the two of us ___ a walk down the garden?
A. to take
B. take
C. taking
D. to be taking
8. ---I must apologize for _____ ahead of time.
A. letting you not know
B. not letting you know
C. letting you know not
D. letting not you know
9. Sandy could do nothing but _____ to his teacher that he was
A. admit
B. admitted
C. admitting
D. to admit
介词的宾语一般都用动名词，但有三个介词
but (except) / than / be about 后要接不定式作宾语。
八、非谓语动词作状语
高考题点击：
1. --- Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?
A. Get
B. Getting
C. To get
D. To be getting
2. ___late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep
B. Sleeping
C. Sleep
D. Having slept
3. In order to make our city green, _____.
A. it is necessary to have planted more trees
B. many more trees need to plant
C. our city needs more trees
D. we must plant more trees
分词作状语
分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状况等。
例如：Being a student, I must study hard.(原因)?
考点一：分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致．分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如：
1)_____by some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.(follow)
2)There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed
B. following
C. to be followed
D. being followed
3)_____ from the top of the building，and you’ll find the city more beautiful．
A．See
B．To seen
C．Seeing
D．Seen
4)______ across the railway，a train hit it.
A．While walking
B．Walking slowly
C．As it was walking
D．While the sheep was walking
考点二：连词+分词(短语)，但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。例如：
While ____there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.(wait)
Unless ____ to speak， you should remain silent at the conference．
A．invited
B．inviting
C．being invited
D．having invited
九、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动
高考题点击：
I would love _____ to the party last night but I had to work
A. to go
B. having gone
C. going
D. to have gone
would love to have done 表示本想去做，但没做成。
2. Robert is said _____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. (99 N)
A. to have studied
B. to study
C. to be studying
D. to have been studying
本题的关键是“what country he studied in”，由此可知事情发生在过去。
动名词的复合结构由物主代词，名词所有格或人称代词宾格，普通格加动名词构成，在句子开头必须用物主代词或名词所有格。例如 :
___coming here helped us a lot. (His/Him)
___escaping from the prison made trouble for the jailer.(Tom/Tom’s)
Do you mind ____smoking in the room? (my/me)
He insisted on ____staying there.(Mary/Mary’s)
独立主格结构的特点：
1）逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。它独立存在。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。例如：
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
考点一：独立主格结构使用介词的问题：
当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分。
例如：A robber burst into the room,
knife in hand.
考点二：当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分 词，不及物动词用过去分词。
例如：He lay there,
his teeth set,
his hand clenched,
his eyes looking straight up.
He came out of the library,
a large book under his arm.
With的复合结构作独立主格
表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
例: The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. tied
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