虚拟语气,
愿望难成,
违背事实,
时态后退.
《教你18字口诀，学会if条件从句虚拟语气2》
口诀：【过去了，就原了；过完了，就完了；过去了，也原了】
与现在相反：从句用过去时态，主句用would，should，could，might+动原。
口诀：过去了，就原了。
与过去相反：从句用过去完成时态，主句用would，should，could，might
+have+PP。口诀：过完了，就完了。
与将来相反：从句用过去时态，主句用would,should,could,might+动原。口
诀：过去了，也原了。
说明：原指用动词原形；完指用动词完成时态。
口诀巧学巧记3---虚拟
一、虚拟主从,宾从表语从,should之后加原形。省去should用原形，换成would行不通。
1.主从：It is necessary(important, natural strange better)that….
It is suggested(requested, proposed desired)that……
It is a pity(a shame)that……
1) It is necessary that he _____ in time to attend the meeting.
A. come B. came C. would come D. need come
译文：他及时来参加会议很重要。
2) I is a pity that he here.(他不在这儿,真令人遗憾。)
A. not be B. be C. would be D. should not
3)It’s strange that they＿＿＿＿＿nothing about this matter.
A. know B. would know C. knows D. knew
2.宾从: 一坚二令三要求,切望三建议用虚拟。 should原形或原形，换成would行不通。
一想要(desire一宁愿(prefer)一坚持（insist）二命令(order. command)三建议(advise. suggest. propose/recommend)四要求(demand. require. request. ask)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用："should + do"。should可以省略
（坚持insist 命令order, command 要求demand, require, request 建议 advise, suggest, propose）should原形不原形，换成would行不通；要问记住难不难，disco考试最常见。（d-demand; i-insist; s-suggest; c-command; o-order）
1) He insisted that we all _____ in his office at one o'clock.
A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be
译文：他坚持我们应该在一点钟的时候到他的办公室。
2) He insisted that he _____ our car.
A. should steal B. would steal C. hadn't stolen D. steal
译文：他坚持说他没有偷我们的车。(注:主句主语与宾从主语是同一人时不用虚拟)
3) The general ordered that the thief＿＿＿＿.
A. be punished B. would punish
C. would be punished D. should punish
1、If 条件句
If I were you, I would leave now.
If you had asked me yesterday, I could have told you.
If it should rain tomorrow, we couldn’t climb.
NOTICE: 错综时间条件句（根据所表示的时间调整）
If you had followed me, you wouldn’t miss the train now.
2、主语从句中的虚拟
①It is (was) important (necessary, strange ) that-clause
It’s necessary that you (should) be present at the meeting.
②It is (was) ordered (suggested, required, requested) that-clause
It was ordered that the room (should) be cleaned.
3、wish + that-clause
①现在的愿望：I wish that you weren’t so lazy.
②过去的愿望：I wish that you hadn’t hurt Jim so much.
③将来的愿望：I wish you wouldn’t talk like that.
--- Have you ever studied French ?
--- No, but I wish I had.
4、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟
通常由几个要求接虚拟语气的名词引起：order, demand, suggestion
He gave orders that the test (should) be finished before 5:30.
His suggestion is that the house (should) be built there.
5、宾语从句中的虚拟
下列动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气：demand, insist, order, require, etc.
The judge ordered that the thief (should) not be punished.
NOTICE: ①suggest “暗示，表明“
Her expression suggested that he was angry.
②insist “坚持认为是怎么回事”
The Arab insisted that he had never seen the camel.
He insisted that John (should) do it.
6、状语从句中的虚拟
①as if (though)
●与现在相反，从句用过去时
He talks as if he knew everything.
●与过去相反，从句用过去完成时
He looks (looked) as if she had wept.
●客观事实，从句用陈述句语气
It looks as if you are tired.
②so that, even if (though)
Nothing could have saved him even if he had been tended .
7、由介词短语引起的虚拟语气
①without : Without your help, I shouldn’t get a result.
②but for”若非“： But for you, we couldn’t have carried out the plan.
8、句型
①It’s time + that-clause (指现在或将来）
It’s time that you went to school .( should go to school)
②would rather + that-clause（指现在或将来）
I’d rather you went home now.
Don’t come tomorrow, I’d rather you came next week.
③what if… “如果… 怎么办?“
What if they should come here ?
9、虚拟语气的倒装
Were I you, I would leave now.
Had you asked me yesterday, I could have told you.
Should it rain tomorrow, we couldn’t climb.
５、宾语从句中的虚拟
下列动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气：demand, insist, order, require, etc.
The judge ordered that the thief (should) not be punished.
NOTICE: ①suggest “暗示，表明“
Her expression suggested that he was angry.
②insist “坚持认为是怎么回事”
The Arab insisted that he had never seen the camel.
He insisted that John (should) do it.
二：虚拟三：虚拟语气
情态动词所表达的可能性程度：must/can't à should/shouldn't à might/may (not)
另外两个"类情态词的形式："need/needn't; have to/don't have to
最自然的虚拟状态：由should/would+原型时态（不含时间只含状态）
本质上是过去将来时：即，时间固定在过去将来，状态不同：一般、进行、完成、完成进行。
这时"虚拟语气"的产生往往是因为我们要表达"本来应该……"（而现在却还没有……）
（本来可以……，本来能……）
I should go! (… but I'm still here!) (一般)
I should be working now! (进行)
I should have practiced more (than I did)! (完成)
我应该多多练习！（言下之意，现在我练习得不多。）
I shouldn't dream away my time too much! (完成的否定)
(actually I did dream away my time too much!)
It shouldn't have been leaking for such a long time! (完成进行)
I may/might/could have finished! (完成)
一些常见的句型中，就会出现这种虚拟语气，而处于从句之中，should 常常被省略掉
o suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan;
o demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide;
o require, request;
o think, expect, believe, insist, suspect.
由于他们的含义中包含"建议，假设，应该"这类的含义，所以，由他们引起的从句中，就会包含有should+原型时态构成的虚拟语气。
这些动词（以及他们的名次形式，分词形式）引起的从句还有其他的变形：
主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句
It's suggested that…
My suggestion is that…
The only suggestion that...
The only suggestion I can give you now is that…
一些形容词引起的表语从句中，也会有同样的情况
important; necessary; essential
It's natural ; strange; incredible that
a pity; a shame; no wonder
由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的从句中多使用should
表达与事实相反
1. 与现在相反：使用[过去时]：
I wish I were not here! (一般现在à一般过去)
Suppose we were not here.
He loved me as if I were his own son. (一般现在à一般过去)
Hope I weren't always losing things! (现在进行à过去进行)
If only/If I hadn't been there! (现在完成à过去完成)
What if I hadn't been waiting right here! (现在完成进行à过去完成进行)
常考句型：It's (high) time (that)…; would rather (that)…
这两个从句，只能表达对现在的看法，所以，从句中只有一般过去时。
2. 与过去相反：过去完成时；
How nice it is if I had past the test!
How nice it is if I had slept a little more this morning!
3. 与将来相反？将来的事情没有发生，所以只能推测。
If it rains tomorrow, we'll have to stay one day more.
不过，由于可以用be to表示将来；所以，虚拟语气中经常出现were to；也是CET-4的常考语法点。
虚拟条件句
o if 部分，o 做一个与事实相反的假设（所以只有一般过去和过去完成）；
o 主句部分，o 这是表示基于这个假设的推测，o 一般使用情态动词would，o 少数情况下使用could/might/may。
o 注意：两个部分之间，o 是有逻辑关系，而o 在两部分的谓语动词时态上，o 没有必然的联系。
注意，虚拟条件句中的if可以省略，造成were/had提前，产生倒装。
隐含的非真实条件
What would you do with 50 thousand dollar?
How could I be happy without you?
除了条件状语从句之外，原因状语从句也会出现虚拟语气。
o 由in order that, so that引起的从句，o 肯定的时候可以使用may/might; can/could; 否定的时候，o 多用shouldn't;
o whoever, whatever, no matter what引起的从句中，o 多用may+
情态动词的基本用法及其区别
最近几年高考试题中常常借助语境来考查情态动词的基本用法及其区别，因此在平时学习时准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。情态动词的用法复杂多变，在高考试题中，命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对情态动词的理解和掌握。对于情态动词，除了要求考生能够准确掌握它们的基本用法外，还要充分利用高考试题所设置的语境来分析句子之间所体现的特殊关系。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。
一、用“情态动词＋have ＋done”结构表示对过去动作的推测，高考试题中常用过去时态或过去的时间状语给以暗示。情态动词的这一用法可以用 “对立统一”来概括。
1．当试题的前句和后句在动作和意义上相互补充说明，且整个句意在动作和时间上是一个整体时，我们可用“统一”关系来解决这样的试题。常见的结构有：
must have done：
表示对过去动作的肯定推测，常译作“一定做了……”，只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式为can’t／couldn’t have done
疑问式为Can／Could...have done﹖。
could ／might have done：表示对过去发生的动作的可能性推测，常译作“可能做了……”。如：
1) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he
＿＿＿＿＿ your lecture．
A． couldn’t have attended
B． needn’t have attended
C． mustn’t have attended
D． shouldn’t have attended
本题选A。
2) Jack ＿＿＿＿ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me．
A． mustn’t have arrived
B． shouldn’t have arrived
C． can’t have arrived
D． need not have arrived （C）
2．当试题的前后句在动作和意义上构成转折关系时，常借助“but, however, instead”等词来表示过去的动作与客观事实不符，这时我们就可以用“对立”关系来解决这样的试题。这种结构常见的有：
should have done ／ ought to have done：表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。
should not have done ／ ought not to have done：表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却做了。
need have done：表示过去本来有必要去做某事，但事实上没有做。
need not have done：表示过去本来没有必要做某事，但事实上却做了。如：
3) I was really anxious about you． You ＿＿＿＿＿ home without a word．
(NMET2001)
A． mustn’t leave B． shouldn’t have left
C． couldn’t have left D． needn’t leave
“本不应该离家出走却走了”，故本题选B。
4) I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ＿＿＿＿＿ for her．
(NMET’94)
A． had to write it out
B． must have written it out
C． should have written it out
D． ought to write it out
由句中的连词but可知前后句之间是对立关系，分析题意可知本题应选C。
